Characterization Crude Oil

Fractional distillation characterizes the initial boiling point, volume % of materials boiling at specified temperature ranges, end point, residue, and loss. A procedure termed 15 5 distillation is frequently used to assist in crude oil characterization. This procedure utilizes a column possessing the equivalent of 15 theoretical plates and a reflux ratio of 5 1. 

The second method I propose to determine MW is the crude characterization method. For the past six decades, we have relied on the standard ASTM D86 distillation test to characterize crude petroleum and its products [6], The next section includes excerpts from the ASTM4 program for crude oil characterization presented in the CD. Please note that there is a proposed MW equation on line 4690.1 find this equation to be reasonably accurate, 3% or less, for most every HC compound or HC pseudogroup above 120 MW. The ASTM4 printout in the next section, in Table 1.5, shows a run for a typical ASTM D86 lab analysis of crude oil. Use this program with caution, however, especially for compounds 100 MW or less. Errors here may exceed 10% in this region. 

API, Crude Oil Characterization, Technical Data Book, Chap. 3. 

Behar, E., Natural Gas and Crude Oil Characterization, Proceedings Use of Computers in Chemical Engineering, April 26-30, 1987, Taormina, Sicily, Pergamon Press, New York, 1988. 

The thermal diffusion method is used rarely in comparison to all the other analysis methods in crude oil characterization. However, this method is very useful and can be successfully used for the analysis of heavy crude oil fractions. The setup used for this analysis is really simple. It is represented in Figure 2.60. 

Kvalheim, O. M., Aksnes, D. W., Brekke, T. et al. (1985) Crude oil characterization and correlation by principal component analysis of C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Analytical Chemistry, 57, 2858-64. 

However, if one is limited to the minimum data, the required information can be derived by using the following procedures for crude oil characterization. 

Per cent 100 penetration asphalt Asphalt fraction starts to boil at API gravity of crude oil Characterization Factor of 750 F bp material... 

Crude oils form a continuum of chemical species from gas to the heaviest components made up of asphaltenes it is evidently out of the question, given the complexity of the mixtures, to analyze them completely. In this chapter we will introduce the techniques of fractionation used in the characterization of petroieum as well as the techniques of elemental analysis applied to the fractions obtained. 

Characterization of Crude Oils According to Dominant Characteristics Based on Overall Physical Properties... 

Characterization of Crude Oils and Petroleum Fractions Based on Structural Analysis... 

Chapters. CHARACTERIZATION OF CRUDE OILS AND PETROLEUM FRACTIONS... 

Crude oil is generally characterized by a TBP analysis whose results are expressed as temperatures equivalent to atmospheric pressure as a function of the fraction of volume and weight distilled... 

Characterization of Heavy Crude Oils and Petroleum Residues. Caracterisation des huiles lourdes et des residus petroliers. Symposium international, Lyon, 1984. 

The preceding discussion on the role of refining and the development of flow schemes shows clearly the importance attributed to the characterization of crude oils and petroleum products. 

FIGURE 2 11 Distillation of crude oil yields a series of volatile fractions having the names indicated along wih a nonvolatile residue The number of carbon atoms that characterize the hydrocarbons in each frac tion IS approximate... 

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