Cruciferous

Table VII. Distribution of 2-Phenylethyl Isothioryanate in Cruciferous Crops ...

The wide distribution of this insecticide in other cruciferous crops was investigated later, and the stability and occurrence of this compound were studied. Two cabbage varieties, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, mustard, and kohlrabi contained 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate in various amounts as evidenced by gas-liquid chromatography and bioassay (houseflies and vinegar flies) (Table VII). Insecticidal activities were encountered only with root tissues. Compounds of insecticidal activity, not attributable to 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate, were found in the edible parts of radish and leaves of turnip, rutabaga, and garden cress. 

Xanthan gum is a slimy gel produced by the bacterium Xan-thomonas campestris, which causes black rot on cruciferous vegetables, such as cauliflower and broccoli. The slime protects the bacterium from viruses and prevents it from drying out. 

Genotoxic effects of crnde jnices from Brassica vegetables andjnices and extracts from ph)dopharmaceutical preparations and spices of cruciferous plants origin in bacterial and mammalian cells , Chemico-Biological Interact, 102 1-16. 

SHAPIRO T A, FAHEY J W, WADE K L, STEPHENSON K K and TALALAY P (1998) HlUnan metabolism and excretion of cancer chemoprotective glucosinolates and isothiocyanates of cruciferous vegetables . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 7 1091-1100. 

NHO c w and JEFFERY E (2001) The synergistic upregulation of phase II detoxification enzymes by glucosinolate breakdown products in cruciferous vegetables , Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 174 146-52. 

TALALAY p and FAHEY j w (2001) Phytochemicals from cruciferous plants protect against cancer by modulating carcinogen metabolism , JNutr, 131 3027S-33S. 

NASTRUZZI C, CORTESI R, ESPOSITO E, MENEGATTI E, LEONI O, lORI R and PALMIERI S (2000) In vitro antiproliferative activity of isothiocyanates and nitriles generated hy myrosinase-mediated hydrolysis of glucosinolates from seeds of cruciferous vegetables , JAgric Food Chem, 48 3572-5. 

BARRETT J E, KLOPFENSTEIN c F, LEIPOLD H w (1998) Protective effects of cruciferous seed meals and hulls against colon cancer in mice. Cancer Lett. 127 83-8. 

LAMPE J w, PETERSON s (2002) Brassica, biotransformation and cancer risk genetic polymorphisms alter the preventive effects of cruciferous vegetables. J Nutr. 132 2991-4. 

Bonnesen C, Eggleston I M and Hayes J D (2001), Dietary indoles and isothiocyanates that are generated from cruciferous vegetables can both stimulate apoptosis and confer protection against DNA damage in human colon cell lines , Cancer Rese, 61, 6120-6130. 

A study that interviewed 13,388 women living in 11 US states over a period of 10-16 years (Kang and others 2005) showed that baseline cognitive performance was stronger in women who reported the highest intake of cruciferous vegetables compared to those with lower intake. 

Chen MF, Chen LiT and Boyce HW, Jr. 1995. Cruciferous vegetables and glutathione their effects on colon mucosal glutathione level and colon tumor development in rats induced by DMH. Nutr Cancer 23(1) 77—83. 

Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Liu Y, Stampfer MJ and Willett WC. 2003. A prospective study of cruciferous vegetables and prostate cancer. Cancer Epidimiol Biomarkers Prev 12(12) 1403-1409. 

Johnston CS, Taylor CA and Hampl JS. 2000. More Americans are eating 5 a day but intakes of dark green and cruciferous vegetables remain low. J Nutr 130(12) 3063—3067. 

Plumb GW, Lamer N, Chambers SJ, Wanigatunga S, Heany RK, Plumb JA, Aruoma OI, Halhwell B, Miller NJ and Wilhamson G. 1996a. Are whole extracts and purified glucosinolates from cruciferous vegetables antioxidants Free Rad Res 25 75-86. 

Ramirez-Villapudua J, Munnecke DE (1988) Effect of solar heating and soil amendments of cruciferous residues on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans and other organisms. Phytopathology 78 289-295... 

---