Crossing wires

Dielectrics for Interlevel Wiring and Planarization. When connecting a number of devices to form a circuit it is often necessary to cross wires without actual electrical contact between them. In order to accomplish this multiple levels of wiring separated by dielectric films are necessary. 

Strichelchen, n. little stroke or streak, stricheln, v.t. streak shade, hatch (of lines) break (at short intervals)-Strich-farbe, /. (Min.) streak color, streak, -formulierung, /. formula writing with lines or dashes (to represent bonds), -gitter, n. simple line grating, -kreuz, n. cross hairs, cross wires, -kultur, /. streak culture. 

Another electrode geometry is the crossed-wire technique (Fig. 3). Here, the bottom electrode is a wire, coated cylindrically with a SAM of UE molecules. The second electrode is a second wire, oriented at right angles, and slowly brought into soft mechanical contact with the monolayer. Wires of 10 pm diameter would interrogate a patch of about 103 molecules [43—45]. 

Fig. 8 IETS obtained from an Au-Cl lthiol-Au crossed wire junction. (Reprinted with permission from [77], pp 20-25 )...

In principle a STM should be adequate to measure the electrical resistance of a single molecule since it suffices to measure I-V curves of the metal (tip)-molecule-metal (substrate) system. However, published results in the literature concerning this subject have to be considered cautiously because of the generally unknown nature of the molecule-metal contacts. An illustrative experiment demonstrates the relevance of the interface (Kushmerick et al, 2002). This experimental work studies charge transport using the cross-wire tunnel junction technique, where two... 

The pilot or second crew member of a Walleye-equipped aircraft has a monitor on which he can see the view from a television camera mounted in the weapon s nose. He. steers the camera, by means of a joystick, so that cross-wires are placed over the target and the bomb is then released to home automatically on to that point. 

It is found that, when the reflections from two faces are registered accurately on the cross-wires of the telescope, other faces automatically... 

SYNESTHESIA A chemical cross-wiring of the brain circuits often due to the use of hallucinogens that results in colors being felt or heard and sound being tasted or seen. 

FIGURE 3.8. (a) Schematic representation of the crossed-wire tunnel junction (not to scale), (b) Plots of I(V) (current in logarithmic scale) for junctions formed from three molecular compounds. (Reprinted with permission from Ref.50 Kushmetrick etai, J.Am. Chem. Soc. 124,10654—10655 (2002). Copyright 2002 American Chemical Society.)... 

The conductance of SAMs formed from an alkanedithiol, a OPE dithiol, and an OPV dithiol was measured using a crossed-wire experimental apparatus, in which a SAM of the... 

Fig. 10.9 SAM-covered wire in the vicinity of a second wire in a crossed-wire geometry.

Kushmerick and coworkers [40-42, 70] developed an elegant way to sandwich around 1000 molecules in a molecular junction. An Au wire with a diameter of 10 [tm was modified with a SAM of the molecules of interest. The SAM-covered wire was brought into the vicinity of a second 10 im diameter wire in a crossed-wire geometry (Fig. 10.9). A molecular junction was formed by applying a small d.c. current across the first wire in a magnetic field, which caused the wire to deflect. Upon touching the other wire, the I(V) characteristics of the molecular junction could be measured. 

The crossed-wire junction method was used to measure charge transport through OPE 95 and OPV 110. The order of conductance was again found to follow the series OPV > OPE > dodecanedithiol [41], despite disruption of conjugation in 110 by the two CH2 units. Oriented SAMs of molecule 112 displayed a slight rectification of the tunnel current when measured in a crossed-wire geometry [42], thus reflecting the asymmetry of the molecule. 

Figure 15. TMR minor loop for a MTJ with Co-Fe-B electrodes. Note the perfectly balanced (0 Oe) effective coupling between free and pinned layers. The inset shows a crossed wire MTJ only memory.

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