Crop load

As tree fruit species are perennial crops, year-to-year influences are often detected. For example, factors in the previous year(s) (e.g. water or nutrient deficiency, hail storm damage, shoot deformation caused by aphids, too high or too low crop load) strongly influence the tree s performance in the next year (Tromp and Wertheim, 2005). Thus, a major objective of agronomic practices used is to buffer the orchard from stress and to keep trees in a balance/equilibrium between vegetative and generative activity. 

Wiinsche, J.N. and Ferguson, I.B. (2005). Crop load interaction in apple , in Janick, J., Horticultural Reviews, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 231-290. 

The external quality, and thus the price, of fruit depends to a great extent on the size of the fruit. A producer who wants to achieve good returns for his fruit has to produce consignments with fruit of good quality and a high proportion of large-sized fruit. Normally fruit commands a higher price on the market as quality and size increases. Fruit sizes which are typical for the cultivar can only be achieved with an optimum fruit crop load, however. 

It must also be borne in mind that as the number of trees per hectare decreases, each individual tree must bear a significantly higher number of fruit in order to attain the desired yields. Unavoidably, however, this can only be achieved at the expense of fruit quality, especially the internal quality (sugar and acid content and firmness of the flesh). With fewer fruit on the tree, the leaves/fruits ratio improves, and so quality is raised. The specific crop load density (number of fruit per cm of cross-sectional area of trunk) is the determinative factor for fruit quality. 

Figure 6, shows the simple regression between the crop (as pounds per vine) and the color due to copigmentation. The crop level alone accounts for 57% of the variation with a significant offset. Note that the correlation does not mean that higher crop loads lead to higher color. 

Transfer the filtrate to a ceramic evaporating dish and heat on a water bath until a crystalline scum forms on the top. Cool the dish quickly then filter the mess on the vacuum Buchner to yield 96g of Methylamine Hydrochloride. Concentrate the filtrate once again to obtain a second crop of crystals, -IQg. Concentrate the filtrate a third time as far as possible using the water bath, then store the dish in a vacuum dessicator loaded with Sodium Hydroxide in the bottom for 24 hours. Add Chloroform to the residue left in the crucible to dissolve out Dimethylamine Hydrochloride (distill off the Chloroform to recover - good stuff) then filter on the venerable old vacuum Buchner funnel to yield an additional 20g of Methylamine Hydrochloride, washing the crystals in the funnel with a small poiiion of Chloroform ( 10mL). 

Juice factories frequently employ field persons to advise growers on the appHcation of sprays to the growing crops so that residues on harvested fmit are within prescribed limits. They also may sample the crop before harvest for analysis, and coordinate harvesting with factory production schedules. Payment for raw materials is frequently based on specifications that are either official government grades or stated market standards. Official graders may be employed to test each load. 

Tracht,/. load pregnancy litter (of kittens, etc.) crop course costume fashion, trachten, v.i. try. attempt, strive, trdchtig, a. pregnant. 

Jordan, W.R., Monk, R.L. Miller, F.R., Rosenow, D.T., Clark, R.E. Shouse, P.J. (1983). Environmental physiology of sorghum. I. Environmental and genetic control of epicuticular wax load. Crop Science, 23, 552-6. 

In addition, dehydrogenated structures were found to cause a hypsochromic shift. Since, with the exception of neobetanin, these betacyanin degradation products were found not to be native to betalain crops, it is suggested that these peculiar structures may be used as heat indicators to assess the thermal loads of the respective products have undergone during production. 

The hands of workers who do not wear gloves while working with pesticides are usually the most contaminated part of the body when workers perform such chores as mixing and loading of the pesticides or picking commodities during re-entry in pesticide-treated crops. 

Inoculum pressure/tillage/previous crop effects on fungal infection and mycotoxin loads... 

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