Crooked calf syndrome

Figure 2.6 Crooked calf syndrome with (a) arthrogryposis, and (b) cleft palate. Other skeletal malformations not shown here include scoliosis, torticollis, lordosis and kyphosis. 

The establishment of appropriate animal models for biomedical application is essential if new techniques and procedures are to be applied to human conditions. Briefly, the syndrome of plant-induced cleft palate and contracture skeletal malformations in livestock ( crooked calf syndrome ), as described above, is the same whether it is induced by Lupinus, Conium or Nicotiana spp. Likewise, the malformations are described as the same in cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. While the development of a small ruminant model (goat) was primarily to study the mechanism of action of crooked calf syndrome in cattle, interest in the induced congenital cleft palate and the goat model led to biomedical applications (Panter et al., 2000a). 

Lupinus species contain anagyrine, a quinolizidbie alkali that causes arthrogryposis, torticollis, and cleft palate in catde (crooked calf syndrom. ... 

Effects not related to the nervous system iiKlude the "crooked calf syndrome" (ije., carpal flexure, tortiaillis, atxl scoliosis in calves exposed in utero during days 40-70 oif gestation). The toxic principle for this effea is the alkaloid anagyrine. 

The crooked calf syndrome was reproduced through feeding experiments with lupine species and alkaloid extracts of the lupines, and the quinolizidine alkaloid anagyrine [26] was established as the most likely causative agent (Keeler, 1976). All attempts to... 

Critical fluid extraction, 1123 Crooked calf disease, 395 Crop diseases, 3976 Crop yield, 3865 Cross-linking of DNA, 370 Cross-talk, 2399 Cruciferous vegetables, 2676 Crude forskolin, 3330-3332 Cryptadine B, 1248 Cryptochrome 2, 1736 Cryptopleurine, 1455 Cryptorchidism, 2418 Cryptotanshinone, 2783 a-Cryptoxanthin, 3378 P-Cryptoxanthin, 3369, 4020 Crystallization, 3330, 3370 CS and T syndromes, 4067 CSC. See Cancer stem cell (CSC)... 

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