Creatine kinase M

Mehta, H.B., Popovich, B.K., Dillman, W.H. (1988). Ischemia induces changes in the level of mRNAs coding for stress protein 71 and creatin kinase M. Circ. Res. 63,512—517. 

Note CK, creatine kinase M, muscle CNS, central nervous system. 

Creatine kinase, M-type Serum or plasma Immunoassay (2009), and Tonomura et al. (2012) Tonomura et al. (2012)... 

The morphology of the M band in cardiac muscle can be correlated roughly with heartbeat frequency. In general, cardiac M bands give a five line pattern, in which the Ml-line is relatively much stronger than the other M-lines (Pask et al. 1994). Five proteins have been described to be locahsed specifically in the M-band the muscle isoform of creatine kinase, M-protein, myomesin, skelemin and titin. 

Wallimann, T., Wyss. M., Brdicza, D., Nicolay, K.. Eppenberger, H.M. (1992). Intracellular compartmentation. structure and function of creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands The phosphocreatine circuit for cellular energy homeostasis. Biochem. J. 281,21-40. 

Miller, R.M., Sies, H., Park, E.-M. and Thomas, J.A. (1990). Phosphorylase and creatine kinase modification by thiol-disulphide exchange and by xanthine oxidase-initiated S-thiolation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 276, 355-363. 

D.T. Nguyen, M. Smit, B. Dunn, and J.I. Zink, Stabilization of creatine kinase encapsulated in silicate sol-gel materials and unusual temperature effects on its activity. Chem. Mater. 14, 4300-4308 (2002). 

In addition to actin and myosin, other proteins are found in the two sets of filaments. Tropomyosin and a complex of three subunits collectively called troponin are present in the thin filaments and play an important role in the regulation of muscle contraction. Although the proteins constituting the M and the Z bands have not been fully characterized, they include a-actinin and desmin as well as the enzyme creatine kinase, together with other proteins. A continuous elastic network of proteins, such as connectin, surround the actin and myosin filaments, providing muscle with a parallel passive elastic element. Actin forms the backbone of the thin filaments [4]. The thin... 

The enzyme responsible for this topping-up ATP in active muscle is CK. CK is found in high concentration in muscle cells, both free within the sarcoplasm and also associated with membranes of mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Structurally, creatine kinase is a dimeric enzyme of B and/or M subunits, each of about 40 kDa. Three quaternary structure isoenzyme forms arise CK-MM, CK-BB and CK-MB. The predominant form in all muscles is CK-MM, but cardiac muscle also contains a significant amount of CK-MB and this isoenzyme can be used as a specific marker of myocardial damage (see Case Notes at the end of this chapter). 

T6. Tummistor, T., and Airaksinen, M. N., Increase of creatine kinase activity in serum caused by intermittently administered suxamethonium. Brit. J. Anaesth. 38, 510 (1966). 

The enzyme creatine kinase (CK) is formed of two subunits that can either be of the brain (B) type or the muscle (M) type, and different combinations of these types lead to isozymes that predominate in the brain (BB), skeletal muscle (MM), and heart muscle (MB). 

ATP Triphosphate Chain Conformation. Much of the work in the area of ATP triphosphate chain conformation has been performed by Cleland and co-workers (14--16). Their studies on metal(III)ATP interactions with kinases have led to the classification of kinases according to the stereochemistry of the polyphosphate chain as it binds to the active site. For the kinases they studied (hexokinase, glycerokinase, creatine kinase, phosphofructokinase, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase, acetate kinase, arginine kinase, adenylate kinase and pyruvate kinase) it was found that B, y-bidentate chromi M(III)-ATP (CrATP) and not a,6,y-tridentate CrATP is a... 

In the course of studying the mechanism of action of creatine kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle (M.M isoenzyme), Kenyon and coworkers (4,90) have been involved in the design of specific irreversible inhibitors that are active-site-directed (affinity labels). Creatine kinase catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group ( the elements of "POi") from ATP to creatine, as shown in the following reaction ... 

M. Schar, A.-M. M. El-Sharkawy, R. G. Weiss and P. A. Bottomley, Triple repetition time saturation transfer (TRiST) P spectroscopy for measuring human creatine kinase reaction kinetics. Magn. Reson. Med., 2010, 63,1493-1501. 

Z. Li, H. Qiao, C. Lebherz, S. R. Choi, X. Zhou, G. Gao, H. F. Kung, D. J. Rader, J. M. Wilson, J. D. Glickson and R. Zhou, Creatine kinase, a magnetic resonance-detectable marker gene for quantification of liver-directed gene transfer. Hum. Gene Ther., 2005,16,1429-1438. 

Wyss, M. Smeitink, J. Wevers, R.A. Wallimann, T. Mitochondrial creatine kinase a key enzyme of aerobic energy metabolism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1102, 119-166 (1992)... 

Wyss, M. Schlegel, J. James, P. Eppenberger, H.M. Wallimann, T. Mitochondrial creatine kinase from chicken brain. Purification, biophysical characterization, and generation of heterodimeric and heterooctameric molecules with subunits of other creatine kinase isoenzymes. J. Biol. Chem., 265, 15900-15908 (1990)... 

Barrantes, F.J. Braceras, A. Caldironi, H.A. Mieskes, G. Moser, H. Toren, E.C. Roque, M.E. Walliman, T. Zechel, A. Isolation and characterization of acetylcholine receptor membrane-associated (nonreceptor v2-protein) and soluble electrocyte creatine kinases. J. Biol. Chem., 260, 3024-3034 (1985)... 

George, S. Ishikawa, Y. Perryman, M.B. Roberts, R. Purification and characterization of naturally occurring and in vitro induced multiple forms of MM creatine kinase. J. Biol. Chem., 259, 2667-2674 (1984)... 

Takasawa, T. Onodera, M. Shiokawa, H. Properties of three creatine kinases MM from porcine skeletal muscle. J. Biochem., 93, 389-395 (1983)... 

Roerts, R. Grace, A.M. Purification of mitochondrial creatine kinase. Biochemical and immunological characterization. J. Biol. Chem., 255, 2870-2877 (1980)... 

Hall, N. Addis, P. DeLuca, M. Mitochondrial creatine kinase. Physical and kinetic properties of the purified enzyme from beef heart. Biochemistry, 18, 1745-1751 (1979)... 

Herasymowych, O.S. Mani, R.S. Kay, C.M. Isolation, purification and characterization of creatine kinase from bovine cardiac muscle. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 534, 38-47 (1978)... 

H.M. Wallimann, T, Perriard, J.-C. Distinct tissue specific mitochondrial creatine kinases from chicken brain and striated muscle with a conserved CK framework. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 151, 408-416 (1988)... 

Tombes, R.M. Shapiro, B.M. Enzyme termini of a phosphocreatine shuttle. Purification and characterization of two creatine kinase isozymes from sea urchin sperm. J. Biol. Chem., 262, 16011-16019 (1987)... 

Walterscheid-Muller, U. Braun, S. Salvenmoser, W. Meffert, G. Dapunt, O. Gnaiger, E. Zierz, S. Margreiter, R. Wyss, M. Purification and characterization of human sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol., 29, 921-927 (1997)... 

Gregor, M. Mejsnar, J. Janovska, A. Zurmanova, J. Benada, O. Mejsnaro-va, B. Creatine kinase reaction in skinned rat psoas muscle fibers and their myofibrils. Physiol.Res., 48, 27-35 (1999)... 

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