Elastic elements

Piezoresistive Sensors. The distinction between strain-gauge sensors and pie2oresistive (integrated-circuit) sensors is minor. Both function by measuring the strain on an elastic element as it is subjected to pressure. A pie2oresistive transducer is a variation of the strain gauge that uses bonded... 

Elastic-Element Methods Elastic-element pressure-measuring devices are those in which the measured pressure deforms some elastic material (usually metallic) within its elastic limit, the magnitude of the deformation being approximately proportional to the applied pressure. These devices may be loosely classified into three types Bourdon tube, bellows, and diaphragm. 

An elastic element is assumed to produce an extension proportional to the force (or torque) applied to it. 

Various elastic elements are added to disposable sanitary products. Strands of lycra, natural rubber, polyurethane foam, and other elastic laminates are applied to provide good fit and avoid leakage. These are attached with adhesives. While non-PSA formulas such as polybutene-based [64] and polyamide [65] adhesives have shown utility, as well as benefits in terms of resistance to baby oils and lotions, adhesives based on styrenic block copolymers still dominate. SBC-based... 

In reality the ideal elastic rubber does not exist. Real rubbery materials do have a small element of viscosity about their mechanical behaviour, even though their behaviour is dominated by the elastic element. Even so, real rubbers only demonstrate essentially elastic behaviour, i.e. instantaneous strain proportional to the applied stress, at small strains. 

Gorb, S.N., Serial elastic elements in the damselfly wing Mobile vein joints contain resihn, Naturwis-senschaften, 86, 552-555, 1999. 

Another approach to determining the contribution being made by each of the possible com-pression/decompression mechanisms involves monitoring the degree and rate of relaxation in tablets immediately after the point of maximum applied force has been reached. Once a powder bed exceeds a certain yield stress, it behaves as a fluid and exhibits plastic flow [121,122], Certain investigators [122] have studied plastic flow in terms of viscous and elastic elements and have derived the following equation ... 

In order to understand the mechanical properties of polymers it is useful to think of them in terms of their viscoelastic nature. Conceptually we can consider a polymeric item as a collection of viscous and elastic sub-components. When a deforming force is applied, the elastic elements deform reversibly, while the viscous elements flow. The balance between the number and arrangement of the different components and their physical constants controls the overall properties. We can exploit these relationships to create materials with a broad array of mechanical properties, as illustrated briefly by the following examples. 

If Gc chains crystallize (partially) there will remain G-Gc completely amorphous chains and G + 3Gc/2 total elastic elements (amorphous chains and subchains). This is true only for the model described with 1/2 Gc chains folding once and 1/2 Gc chains not folding at all. If each elastic element is Gaussian in its behavior, the elastic free energy Fg can be written as... 

In addition to actin and myosin, other proteins are found in the two sets of filaments. Tropomyosin and a complex of three subunits collectively called troponin are present in the thin filaments and play an important role in the regulation of muscle contraction. Although the proteins constituting the M and the Z bands have not been fully characterized, they include a-actinin and desmin as well as the enzyme creatine kinase, together with other proteins. A continuous elastic network of proteins, such as connectin, surround the actin and myosin filaments, providing muscle with a parallel passive elastic element. Actin forms the backbone of the thin filaments [4]. The thin... 

Elastic deformation, 21 719 ceramics, 5 613-615 coal, 6 724-725 Elastic diffusion, 23 102 Elastic element pressure measuring devices, 20 681-682 Elastic interactions, 13 498 Elasticity, 19 743... 

The simplest model that can show the most important aspects of viscoelastic behaviour is the Maxwell fluid. A mechanical model of the Maxwell fluid is a viscous element (a piston sliding in a cylinder of oil) in series with an elastic element (a spring). The total extension of this mechanical model is the sum of the extensions of the two elements and the rate of extension is the sum of the two rates of extension. It is assumed that the same form of combination can be applied to the shearing of the Maxwell fluid. 

Numerous attempts have been made to fit simplified mechanical models to the two behavior patterns described by Eq. (6). One can picture the elastic element as a spring-anayed network parallel with the viscous element to give essentially a (Kelvin) solid with retarded elastic behavior, wherein ... 

Table 6.3. Ranges of Some Basic Elastic Elements

Electrical output transducers exist in many forms and consist simply of elastic elements coupled with suitable displacement transducers such as capacitance, inductance and reluctance pick-ups, certain types of strain gauge, piezoelectric elements, potentiometers and eddy current probes. A selection of these is described in the following paragraphs. 

Elastic elements such as diaphragms and capsules are used as sensing elements in combination with different displacement transducers (e.g. inductive, potentiometric, etc.) for low/medium vacuum measurements down to about 1 torr. Elastic elements have been employed in conjunction with capacitive transducers for the measurement of pressures as low as 10 5 torr. 

In this general approach to viscoelasticity, appropriate models are constructed for the interpretation of the stress-strain-time behavior of a polymer. Then, values of Young s modulus G of the elastic elements and the viscosities i] of the viscous elements are used to characterize and predict the general behavior of the material. 

Witt, C. C., Olivieri, N., and Centner, T. (1998). A survey of the primary structure and the interspecies conservation of I-band titin s elastic elements in vertebrates. / Struct. Biol. 122, 206-215. 

Resistance temperature detector (RTD) Venturi Elastic element Chain gauge Mass spectrometry (MS)... 

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