Creams and Emulsions

Poor reproducibility can result if the sample is not homogenous. If possible, stir or shake the container prior to sampling. Use similar techniques to those described for handling liquid samples. 

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Variability in absorption is common with the percutaneous preparations (gels, creams, and emulsions). 

In topical formulations, hydrogenated castor oil is used to provide stiffness to creams and emulsions. In oral formulations, hydrogenated castor oil is used to prepare sustained-release tablet and capsule preparations " the hydrogenated castor oil may be used as a coat or to form a solid matrix. 

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (topical creams and emulsions). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 

In oral solutions, glycerin is used as a solvent, sweetening agent, antimicrobial preservative, and viscosity-increasing agent. It is also used as a plasticizer and in film coat-ings. Glycerin is additionally used in topical formulations such as creams and emulsions. " ... 

Benzyl alcohol Commonly used in creams and emulsions Usually used as co-solvent with other solvents... 

Percutaneous preparations (gels, creams, and emulsions) are convenient, but variability in drug absorption is common. This form of estrogen is used for systemic therapy. Topical emulsion and gel formulations were approved for use recently in the United States. 

The increase in sensitivity over standard DSC instruments and the ability to study reactions occurring in solution directly mean that HSDSC may be applied to the study of a range of systems not open to study by standard DSC. Typical examples include the denaturation of proteins, phase changes in lipid bilayers, phase transitions in dilute polymer solutions, and changes in structure of creams and emulsions. Although there are many systems that have been studied using HSDSC, the discussion that follows will concentrate on systems of biological or pharmaceutical relevance. 

Light testing should be an integral part of stress testing. Special test conditions for specific products (e.g., metered dose inhalations and creams and emulsions) may require additional stress studies. 

Uses Emollient, superfatting agent in cosmetic and pharmaceutical creams and emulsions Trade Name Synonyms Cetiol S [Cognis/Care... 

Definition Natural fat obtained from fruit of the Karite tree, Butyrospermum parkii Properties Gray-wh. solid dens. 0.9175 iodine no. 53-65 sapon. no. 178-190 Uses Emollient, consistency agent, lubricant, moisturizer, vehicle, carrier, vise, modifier, skin protectant, fatting agent for lotions, pharmaceutical dermatologicals, suppositories, o/w and w/o creams and emulsions skin conditioner, occlusive agent, solvent for suntan preps., body lotions, soaps, shampoos... 

Uses antioxidant in cosmetic and pharmaceuticai creams and emulsions, various fats, oils, waxes, and foods, such as margarine A... 

In general hydrophilic creams (o/w-creams) and emulsions are used without a bandage. Whether to cover the application site after application of lipophilic creams (w/o-creams) and ointments depends on the skin conditions. To soften a skin area with a strong keratinisation covering the lipophilic preparation with a bandage is effective. Fatty pastes and pastes with a cooling effect can be put on lint first. Thereafter the application site is dressed with a bandage. 

Propylene glycol acts as a preservative in concentrations above 20 % of the aqueous phase. However, it is less active than sorbic acid and methyl hydroxybenzoate. It is most effective in combination with surfactants (especially hydrophilic) and other components of creams and emulsions. Cream Base DAC (Table 12.6) is an example. It contains 20 % of propylene glycol in the aqueous phase and macrogol 20 glycerol monostearate as hydrophilic surfactant. It is well preserved in this way. 

Preparations consisting of an aqueous and a lipophilic phase (creams and emulsions) usually contain an emulsifier. The preparation method depends on the type of the emulsion w/o or o/w. For preparing water-in-oil-emulsions the substances that build the lipophilic phase are melted on the water bath and stirred until the mixture reaches room temperature. The aqueous phase with the dissolved substances is added in portions. For preparing oil-in-water-emulsions both phases are separately heated to 70-80 °C. They are mixed by continuous stirring. The temperature at which the emulsion becomes stable is about 45 °C. Afterwards it is adequate to stir occasionally until it is cooled down to room temperature. 

General skin care cosmetics are designed to maintain cleanliness of the skin as well as to provide moisture and oil effectively to skin that is affected by external factors [1, 2]. In order to maintain or to have healthy skin various skin care cosmetics that satisfactorily address these efforts have been developed. They include cleansers, creams, and emulsions. Various polymers are added to these products for their aesthetic appearance, good tactile quality during use, stabilization of the base materials, and for the appearance of the intended effect. 

Uses O/w emulsifier for mild creams and emulsions for baby and children s preps.,... 

Uses Opacifier, pearlescent, gloss aid for shampoos, shower and bath preps. consistency agent for creams and emulsions Properties Wh. flakes... 

Uses Cream base, consistency agent, spreading agent for cosmetic and pharmaceutical creams and emulsions... 

Uses SurfactenL condiSoner, emulsifier, consistency agent for prep, of hair condi-koning creams and emulsions... 

CAS 16841-14-8 124-29-8 EINECS/ELINCS 240-865-3 253-149-0 Uses Conditioner and softener for hair care prods. emulsifier for topical phamia-ceutical creams and emulsions Features Mild substantive smooth after-feel... 

Uses SE base for mfg, of creams and emulsions Properties Gran. 100% cone,... 

Uses Cosmetics additive pigment dispersant used in lipsticks binding agent in pressed powds. and in creams and emulsions nongreasy film-fomter Properties Amber d. to si. hazy liq. mild char, odor sol. in most hydrophobic soivs. such as esters, min. oil, vegetable oils, alcohols insol. in water sp.gr. 0.86-0.88 add no. 10 max. iodine no. 10 max. sapon. no. 115-135 Estalan-PG [LanaetexProds. ]... 

Uses Emollient used in lipsticks due to its pigment dispersing props. binding agent in pressed powds., used in cream and emulsion formulations, it leaves non-greasyfilm on skin... 

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