Coupling Planar Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry

COUPLING PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY 

The online coupling of a separation device with mass spectrometry is an analytical approach that can help in the analysis of real-world samples such as environmental samples and biological tissues and fluids. This online marriage between two stand-alone analytical techniques can provide an unequivocal characterization of individual components of such complex samples and greatly increases the information content of those components. Several issues that must be addressed to achieve an ideal combination. A major concern is the pressure mismatch. The solvent incompatibility also becomes an issue in the coupling of LC and CE with mass spectrometry. Thus, online coupling requires an interface that can transport the separated components into the ion source without affecting their resolution or the performance of a mass spectrometer. Not all types of mass spectrometers 

GC is an ideal separation technique for small thermally stable volatile molecules. Capillary columns provide high-resolution separation of complex mixtures. These columns, owing to their low gas flow requirements, can be coupled directly to mass spectrometry. A variety of interfaces, such as an open-split interface, a jet-separator interface, and a molecular-effusion interface, are used to handle larger carrier gas flows of packed GC columns. 

Multidimensional chromatography, in which two orthogonal separation steps are combined (e.g., a combination of ion exchange and RP-HPLC) provides a solution to very complex sample mixture. 

CE provides a complementary approach to HPLC separation. It is performed in several different formats, including capillary zone electrophoresis, miceller electrokinetic chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, isotachophoresis, and capillary electrochromatography. Of these formats, capillary zone electrophoresis is the most popular separation technique. The most successful coupling of CE with mass spectrometry is achieved via an ESI interface. The three most practical designs are sheathless interface, sheath-flow interface, and liquid-junction interface. 

---

COUPLING PLANAR CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY... 

Morlock, G. (2006) Coupling of planar chromatography with mass spectrometry. Chemie in Labor und Biotechnik, 57,342-348. 

Busch, K.L. (1992) Coupling thin layer chromatography with mass spectrometry. Journal of Planar Chromatography, 5,72-79. 

Morlock, G.E., Ueda, Y. (2007) Coupling planar chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry using an open-air ion source. LCGC The Peak, 6,7-13. 

Morlock, G. and Ueda Y., New coupling of planar chromatography with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1143(1-2), 243, 2007. 

Alpmann, A. and Morlock, G.E. 2006, Improved online coupling of planar chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry Extraction of zones from glass plates. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 386 1543-1551. 

Anderson, R.M. and Busch, K.L. 1998. Thin-layer chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry Interfaces to electrospray ionization, J. Planar Chromatogr, 11 336-341. 

Van Berkel, G.J., Llave, J.J., De Apadoca, M.F., Ford, M.J. (2004) Rotation planar chromatography coupled on-line with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 76,479-482. 

Morlock, G. (2008) Comparison of different ionization techniques (ESI, DART, APGD) for coupling of mass spectrometry with planar chromatography (HPTLC/ MS). In Proceedings of the 56th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry, Denver. 

Aranda, M., Morlock, G. (2007) New method for caffeine quantification by planar chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using stable isotope dilution analysis. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry RCM, 21,1297-1303. 

Kloeppel, A., Grasse, W., Bruemmer, F, Morlock, G.E. (2008) HPTLC coupled with bioluminescence and mass spectrometry for bioactivity-based analysis of secondary metabolites in marine sponges. Journal of Planar Chromatography, 27,431-436. 

Busch, K. L. (1989). Planar chromatography coupled with secondary ion mass spectrometry. J. Planar Chromalogr.—Mod. TLC 2 355-361. 

---