Electrophoresis coupling

Liu, J., Tseng, K., Garcia, B., Lebrilla, C.B., Mukerjee, E., Collins, S., Smith, R., Electrophoresis separation in open microchannels. A method for coupling electrophoresis with MALDI-MS. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 2147-2151. 

As revealed by gel electrophoresis and agar diffusion, two new antigenic substances were obtained as the major components of extracts of human colon tumors with the KC1-HC1 solution. The coupled electrophoresis-agar diffusion analysis showed that the components reacted with immune serum from rabbits immunized with new antigens. These antigens are present in colon tumor tissue but were not present in normal colon tissue. The... 

Fig. (34). Coupled electrophoresis - agar diffusion analysis of tumor extracts and immune serum A Perchloric acid extract (CEA, 1-4) normal extract (5) B.KCI-HCI extract (6-9).

Itoh E, Kato Y, Sano Y, Miyairi K (2008) Field emission from conducting polymer/single-walled carbon nanotube composite prepared by AC coupled electrophoresis. Jpn J Appl Phys 47(4 PART l) 2016-2020... 

Yamamoto et al. also coupled gel permeation HPLC and CE in an on-line fashion in 1990, where capillary isotachophoresis was again used in the second dimension. This technique was also not comprehensive due to the loss of resolution between the techniques. It was also not particularly fast, with a 23 min CE cycle, which was repeated 90 times throughout the HPLC run (14). Volume incompatibility between HPLC and CE was one problem not addressed in this study, in which a large HPLC column was coupled to an electrophoresis capillary. 

H. Yamamoto, T. Manabe and T. Okuyama, Apparatus for coupled high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of complex protein mixtures , 7. Chromatogr. 515 659-666 (1990). 

S. Palmarsdottir and L. E. Edholm, Enhancement of selectivity and concentration sensitivity in capillary zone electrophoresis by on-line coupling with column liquid chromatography and utilizing a double stacking procedure allowing for microliter injections , 7. Chromatogr. 693 131-143 (1995). 

Figure 7-11. Normal and pathologic patterns of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes in human serum. LDH isozymes of serum were separated by electrophoresis and visualized using the coupled reaction scheme shown on the left. (NBT, nitroblue tetrazolium PMS, phenazine methylsulfate). At right is shown the stained electropherogram. Pattern A is serum from a patient with a myocardial infarct B is normal serum and C is serum from a patient with liver disease. Arabic numerals denote specific LDH isozymes.

Hutton, T. and Major, H.J., Characterizing biomolecnles by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry coupled to liqnid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 23, 924, 1995. 

Pusecker K, J Schewitz, P Gfrorer, L-H Tseng, K Albert, E Bayer (1998) On-line coupling of capillary electrochromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and capillary HPLC with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Chem 70 3280-3285. 

As in HPLC, the coupling of MS detection with CE has provided an excellent opportunity for more selective analysis, but the much reduced flow rates, small injection volumes, limitations in the types of buffers used [since electrospray ionization (ESI) is used in capillary electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CE/MS)], and need to... 

Moseley, M. A., Deterding, L. J., Tomer, K. B., and Jorgenson, J. W. Coupling of capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary liquid chromatography with coaxial continuous-flow fast atom bombardment tandem sector mass spectrometry, /. Chromatogr., 480, 197, 1989. 

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