Coumarin fluorescent dyes

The results of these analyses demonstrate that the three-phase contact fine location follows the square root of time. Coumarin fluorescent dye was utilized in small quantities to develop sufficient contrast of the three-phase line under UV irradiation for the comparison of experimental data to the models. The investigators of this approach conclude that exhaustive solutions to the capillary flow model can be realized however, approximations via Eq. (15) can be employed for sufficiently accurate predictive models [5, 6]. 

Recently, novel polymethine carbonyl-dyes based on coumarin moiety and their boron difluoride complexes 9a-d and lOa-d [34—36] were evaluated as fluorescent dyes for the detection of native proteins using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein, and as probes for the nonspecific detection of proteins using a BSA/ sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixture [37]. Optical properties of these compounds in the absence and presence of BSA, as well as in SDS and BSA/SDS mixture, were measured in Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) (Table 1). 

Sun W-C, Gee KR, Haugland RP (1998) Synthesis of novel fluorinated coumarins excellent UV light-excitable fluorescent dyes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 8 3107-3110... 

Kovalska VB, Volkova KD, Manaev AV et al (2010) 2-Quinolone and coumarin poly-methines for the detection of proteins using fluorescence. Dyes Pigm 84 159-164... 

Christie RM, Lui CH (2000) Studies of fluorescent dyes part 2. An investigation of the synthesis and electronic spectral properties of substituted 3-(2 -benzimidazolyl)coumarins. 

Rhodamines (e.g. rhodamine 6G, rhodamine B) were among the first fluorescent dyes to be used as laser dyes. In contrast to coumarins, their absorption and emission spectra are quite narrow and the Stokes shift is small. They emit fluorescence in the range 500-700 nm. 

The first systems without anomalous fluorescence discussed in the context of TICT states were coumarine laser dyes. Jones and coworkers208210 demonstrated that dialkylaminocoumarines like 7C showed an increase of the nonradiative decay rate in strongly polar solvents. This effect is dramatically increased if the acceptor properties of the coumarine skeleton are stronger, for example, in F7C. On the other... 

Cationic dyes are occasionally used fur blueing or brightening the hair, frequently in combination with a fluorescent dyes. P. Krais discovered the brightening effect in 1929 by impregnation of rayon with a horsechestnut extract known as esculin, a fluorescent glycoside of 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin. Coumarin derivates are still used for wool and fur hair. 

Nitrobenzothiazole coumarines 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzothiazole fluorescent dyes [365, 366] E. coli strain, expressing nitroreductase and mutase enzymes, converts title compound to 4-(6-anilino-5-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl)benzoic acid [367]... 

Recently, a small molecule fluorophore phosphosensor technology referred as Pro-Q Diamond dye has been developed to detect and quantitate phosphorylated amino acids within peptides and proteins in microarrays. ° In addition to binding assays, fluorescence detection methods have also been developed for functional assays. For example, microarrays of quenched fluorescent substrates can be used to detect protease or esterase activities in the analytes. In this method, quenched fluorescent substrates are prepared by coupling the peptide substrate to coumarin, a fluorescent dye. These peptide substrates are then spotted onto the solid support... 

Figure 8. Laser induced atomic fluorescence (LIAF) from the photodissociation of cold" Na, with an Ar ion pumped (coumarin 102) dye laser. Key a, Pi/, b,...

Acrolein-containing latex particles were used for immobilization of proteins. The latex particles were prepared by emulsifier-free polymerization of acrolein and styrene (Table I). Fluorescent latex particles were prepared by mixing fluorescent dyes such as Hostalux KCB (Hoechst) or coumarin-6 into styrene before the emulsion polymerization (Table I). To increase the immunological sensitivity of the protein-conjugated latex particles, a hexyl group was introduced between the latex particle and the protein (Protein-spacer-latex). Proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA), anti-human serum albumin (anti-HSA-IgG), and a fragmented antibody (anti-HSA-... 

Using a similar type of branch, developed by the Frechet group, they have published extensively on chromophore labeled dendrimers [12], The dendrimers possessing coumarin-2 dyes at the periphery, and either coumarin-343 (Fig. 1.4) or a heptathiophene dye at the core, were studied by time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy. It was revealed that upon excitation of the rim chromophores almost no direct fluorescence occurred from these initially excited chromophores. Instead, only the center... 

Dye lasers are liquid lasers containing a fluorescent dye such as one of the rhodamines, a coumarin, or a fluorescein. These have been made to lase at wavelengths from the IR region to the UV region. Lasing typically occurs between the first excited singlet state and the ground state. The lasers can be pumped by flashlamps or by another laser, such as those discussed previously. 

The 3D fluorescence data set, consisting of 20 (Ex) x 640 (Em) x 24 (t) data points was measured for four kinds of fluorescent dyes Coumarin 540 (C540), DCM,... 

Mercury. A short account of the discovery of metal-catalyzed hydration of alkynes by Kucherov (1881) appeared on the occasion of its 125th anniversary [116]. Mercury-catalyzed hydration of alkynes has been used as mechanistic principle for devising fluorogenic probes for mercuric ions by two research teams. In one system, a 3-butyn-l-yl group at the phenolic oxygen of a fluorescein dye was cleaved via catalytic oxymercuration and elimination to releases a fluorescent dye (Scheme 20) [117]. In another system the mercury-catalyzed hydration of an ethynyl to an acetyl group provoked the quenching of fluorescence in a coumarine-based dye [118]. 

As discussed in Section 14.2.1, normal (one-photon) fluorescence spectroscopy (IPE) has been the method of choice in capillary electrophoresis (CE) and gel electrophoresis (GE) with visible and NIR fluorescent dyes. MPE fluorescence, however, is also quite suitable for detection in CE and GE. For instance. Song et al. fractionated coumarine dyes with capillary electrophoresis, and detected the dyes at at-tomole concentrations by 2PE fluorescence [189]. Generally, detection Hmits are comparable to those attainable by normal fluorescence. However, MPE is particu-... 

---