Coumarin Cresol

Citral dimethyl acetate Citronellal Cintronellol Citronellyl acetate Citronellyl butyrate Citronellyl formate Citronellyl nitrile Citronellyl priopionate Coumarin Cresols... 

Until the late 1890s, coumarin was obtained commercially from only natural sources by extraction from tonka beans and deer tongue. Then synthetic methods of preparation and industrial manufacturing processes were discovered and developed starting principally from o-cresol, phenol, and sahcylaldehyde. Various methods can be used to obtain coumarin from each of these starting materials. 

Cotton wool (absorbent), 143 Coumarin, 707, 713 p-Cresol, 595, 614, 664, 667 o-Cresol red, 989, 990 Critical solution temperature, 17-20 application to determination of water in alcohols, 20, 21... 

Coumarin (4 hydroxy) brodifacoum, bromadiolone, coumatetralyl, difenacoum, flocoumafen, warfarin Coumarin (4 methyl 7 hydroxy) coumaphos m-Cresol acifluorfen, clomeprop, metolcarb o-Cresol DNOC, MCDA, MCPB, mecoprop... 

Safety Commission Consumer Products Copper (Cu) Corrosives Corticosteroids Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Cotinine Coumarins Creosote Cresols Cromolyn Cumene Cumulative Risk Assessment Cyanamide Cyanide Cyanogen Chloride Cyclodienes Cyclohexamide Cyclohexane Cyclohexene Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporine Cyfluthrin Cypermethrin Cysteine Cytochrome P-450 "2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid)" Limonene Dalapon DDT/DDE/DDD Decane DEBT (Diethyltoluamide) DEE Deferoxamine DEHP (Di-Ethyl Hexyl Phthalate) Delaney Clause Deltamethrin Deodorants Detergent Developmental Toxicology Dextromethorphan Diazepam Diazinon Diazoxide Dibenzofuran " Dib enz [a, h] anthracene" Dibromochloropropane Dibutyl phthalate Dicamba Dichlone Dichlorobenzene Dichloroethanes "Dichloroethylene, 1,1-"... 

Pure meto-cresol has been used for manufacture of synthetic musk— musk ambrette, used as a fixative to perfumes, for manufacture of synthetic Thymol and Menthol amd also leather preservative p-chloro-meto-cresol, synthetic pyre-throids, and lastly for manufacture of 2,3,6-trimethylphe-nol—an intermediate for vitamin E. o-Cresol has been used for manufacture of Coumarin and some derivatives which are employed in perfumery as fixative. o-Cresol has also been used for making Novolac and epoxy resins and also for the herbicides based on di-nitro-oAt/io-cresol, etc. In sum, individual cresols have been very successfully converted to important intermediates in the organic chemical synthesis. It is expected that further development work will lead to synthesis of many more organic chemicals of vital importance. While new chemicals using individual cresols are in the pipeline... 

India does not produce any quantity of synthetic coumarin. Some quantities of coumarin are produced from natural resources. Atul produces both o-cresol (at Ankleshwar) and phosgene (at Atul). Unfortunately, they have not considered this product seriously, apparently because, they just do not have the right technology. Some companies are, however, working on the synthesis of the product from o-cresol, phenol, and also salicylaldehyde (Perkin reaction) [30]. 

The estimated annual outflow of foreign exchange in India due to import of coumarin is in the range Rs. 60-80 million. In spite of this, no adequate efforts have been made to develop the right technology for manufacture of coumarin in India though both the critical raw materials ortho-cresol and salicylaldehyde are made in this country. If the product could be made in India, the demand could be projected around 500 tonnes per annum. Surplus quantity could easily be exported. 

Among the synthetic musks used as perfumery fixatives, musk ambrette made from m-cresol is still very popular though it has been reported that many companies no longer use it as it has been declared as carcinogenic. Coumarin a major perfumery fixative and also a food additive is made from o-cresol. 

Last, but not the least important is pure o-cresol, which is obtained as a co-product during p-cresol production based on sulfonation of toluene. Pure o-cresol is also produced from phenol through a methylation process. o-Cresol has been conveniently used for manufacture of Coumarin, a vital fine chemical, and also epoxy resins and ECN resins. o-Cresol is also being used as a building block of agrochemicals. 

COUMARILIC ACID, 24, 33 Coumarin, 24, 33 Coumarin dibromide, 24, 33 Coumarin, 4-methyl-, 24, 69 Coupling, of allyl chloride, 27, 7 of aryl residues, 20, 45 Crab shells, 26, 36 Creatinine, 22, 90 /i-Cresol, 2-bromo-, 23,11 Crotonaldehyde, 24, 92 27, 66 Crotonic acid, SO, 101 24, 98 26, 55 Crotonio acid, /3-anilino-, ethyl ESTER, 29, 42 Cupric acetate, 28, 45 Cupric carbonate, basic, 24, 64 Cupro-cupri sulfite, 28, 53 Cuprous bromide, 24, 22, 23 Cuprous chloride, 28, 46 Cuprous cyanide, 21, 89 24, 14, 97 28, 34... 

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