Cough intravenous

Dia2epam [439-14-5] (60) and clona2epam [1622-61 -3] (61) suppress cough induced by electrical stimulation of the lower brainstem of cats (90). Clona2epam and dia2epam adrninistered intravenously are about thirty-five times and six times more potent than codeine, respectively. Nevertheless, the compounds have not been widely used as antitussives in humans. Dia2epam is used in the treatment of anxiety, and clona2epam as an anticonvulsant. 

Dosages and routes of administration Hydromorphone is used in doses of 1-2 mg by subcutaneous, intramuscular, slow intravenous or rectal administration, and in oral doses between 2-4 mg. The doses for cough inhibition are 1 mg, given as a syrup. 

In adults, a dose of 2.5 to 10 mg is satisfactory for the relief of most forms of pain. This is administered orally every 3 to 4 h. For suppression of nonproductive cough, 1.25 to 2.5 mg orally every 3 h is usually satisfactory. Where oral administration is undesirable, the drug may be administered subcutaneously, but the oral route is almost as effective as its hypodermic injection. It may also be administered intramuscularly, but should not be injected intravenously. 

Carmen recently developed a heavy cold and persistent cough with production of greenish sputum. She was now audibly wheezing and breathless. Carmen was taken into hospital for a few days for administration of intravenous antibiotics. 

OSHA PEL TWA 0.05 ppm ACGIH TLV TWA 0.05 ppm Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison SAFETY PROFILE A human poison by inhalation. An experimental poison by ingestion, inhalation, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation lachrymation, conjunctiva irritation, and unspecified eye effects, cough, and dyspnea. A severe eye and moderate skin irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data by skin contact. A riot control agent. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cr. See also KETONES. 

ACGIH TLV CL 0.05 ppm (skin) Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation conjunctiva irritation, cough, and unspecified respiratory system effects. A human skin and eye irritant. Human exposure data suggest relatively low systemic toxicity, but intense irritation of eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Mutation data reported. A tear gas used for riot control. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of cr, NOx, and CN". See also NITRILES. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison, Flammable Liquid SAFETY PROFILE A poison by inhalation, skin contact, ingestion, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Inhalation causes dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. If continued, unconsciousness follows. Often there is a delayed reaction of chest pain, cough, and difficult breathing. There may be cyanosis and circulatory collapse. In fatal cases, death occurs from the fourth to eleventh day with pneumonitis and injury to kidneys, liver, and brain. Iron carbonyl is less toxic than nickel carbonyl. 

Flammable Liquid, Poison SAFETY PROFILE A human poison by ingestion. Poison experimentally by skin contact. Moderately toxic experimentally by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects changes in circulation, cough, dyspnea, headache, lachrymation, nausea or vomiting, optic nerve neuropathy, respiratory effects, visual field changes. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. An eye and skin irritant. Human mutation data reported. A narcotic. 

SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by intravenous route. Mildly toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. A skin irritant. Yields irritating vapors that can cause coughing. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. 

DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison OSHA PEL TWA 0.5 mg(As)/m3 SAFETY PROFILE Human poison by inhalation. Poison experimentally by intravenous route. Human systemic effects by inhalation changes in function or structure of salivary glands, nausea or vomiting, cough. May be irritating to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. A vomiting type of poison gas (non-persistent). When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of As and CT. See also ARSENIC COMPOUNDS. 

SAFETY PROFILE Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, tumorigenic, and neoplastigenic data. Experimental poison by intratracheal and intravenous routes. An inhalation hazard. Human systemic effects by inhalation cough, dyspnea, liver effects. Incompatible with OF2, vinyl acetate. See also other silica entries. 

Fatal accumulation of sodium stibogluconate occurred in a 4-year-old boy with visceral leishmaniasis treated with intravenous sodium stibogluconate 20 mg/kg (1200 mg/day) and oral allopurinol 16 mg/kg/day (100 mg tds) (22). On day 3 he reported chest pain and persistent cough, and the drugs were withdrawn. Three days later he developed a petechial rash on the legs and died with ventricular fibrillation. 

There has been a single report of a lung disorder with cough, which was traced to intravenous injection of a so-called health tonic containing bismuth, which had resulted in bismuth-containing subpleural opacities in the lungs (15). 

In children receiving disodium ethylenediaminetetra-acetate by intravenous infusion, an influenza-like syndrome developed, characterized by lacrimation, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and cough (12). Other sjmptoms included malaise, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting one patient had a fever of 39.2°C. 

A 7-year-old boy with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) had explosive coughing, 30 seconds after fentanyl 50 pg (2 pg/kg) had been injected and flushed through an intravenous cannula. The cough was unproductive and persisted in spasmodic bursts for a further 2-3 minutes until anesthesia was induced with propofol 60 mg and atracurium 15 mg intravenously. The coughing immediately ceased. A petechial rash in the conjuncti-vae and periorbital regions was subsequently noted and disappeared by the end of the first postoperative day. 

Sinai SH, Crowe JE. Cyanosis, cough, and hypotension following intravenous administration of paraldehyde. Pediatrics 1976 57(l) 158-9. 

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