Cost—benefit ratio

Solving water pollution problems today involves a multidisciplinary approach in which the required water quaUty is related to agricultural, municipal, recreational, and industrial requirements. In many cases, a cost—benefit ratio must be estabUshed between the benefit derived from a specified water quaUty and the cost of achieving that quaUty. 

Once values have been assigned for the costs and benefits of each proposed risk-reduction modification, a variety of economic evaluation techniques may be used to choose the most attractive option. These techniques include net present value, discounted cash flow rate of return and cost-benefit ratio analyses. Most companies have a preferred method for evaluating project economics, which can be used with little or no modification. Chapter 8 of... 

Develop a cost-benefit ratio for two named recreational drugs. 

Compare the cost-benefit ratios for regular drinkers of medium-strength beer, high-alcohol spirits and low-alcohol beverages. 

Describe how individual difference factors might affect a hypothetical cost-benefit ratio for cannabis, nicotine or Ecstasy/MDMA. 

Rule 2 Calculate the incremental cost-benefit ratios. 

Rule 3 Exclude programmes according to the extended dominance rule, that is, if some cost-benefit ratios are lower than the previous ones in the sequence of increasing effectiveness, those with less effectiveness must be excluded. 

Arrange the programmes in order of effectiveness and calculate the incremental cost-benefit ratios (Table 8.1). 

Table 8.3 Ordering of programmes according to incremental cost-benefit ratios...

Budget = 500 -> F + K + B. This case shows that the rale does not always mean choosing the project with the lowest incremental cost-benefit ratio out of the mutually exclusive projects. If we have a budget of 500 we should in theory choose A + F + K, but then there would be 100 left over. With the extra 100 we can implement B instead of A, since it produces more benefits. 

METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL SITE INVESTIGATIONS OE LARGE INDUSTRIAL SITES IN ORDER TO OBTAIN OPTIMAL COST/BENEFIT RATIOS CASE STUDY OF THE ISAB - ERG PETROLI REFINERY AT PRIOLO GARGALLO (SR), ITALY... 

Keywords Environmental site charaeterisation tiered approach detailed site characterization direct and indirect investigations maximum efficiency and best cost/benefit ratio... 

Gene therapy is not, and will not be, an inexpensive therapeutic tool. The cost of such treatments will likely be broadly similar to the cost of present-day biopharmaceuticals. However, if proved successful in treating many currently incurable conditions, the cost benefit ratio will greatly favour its medical use. 

The ruHng highhghted one of the most disputed issues in medicine today. If a treatment helps people, should governments and private insurers pay for it without question Or should they first measure the benefit against the cost, and only pay if the cost-benefit ratio exceeds some preset standard ... 

The methods of cost-benefit analysis may be applied to evaluate the total costs and benefits of interventions that are being compared by analyzing their cost-benefit ratios or their net benefits. Furthermore, the additional or incremental cost of an intervention (i.e., the difference in cost between a new... 

How does the treatment compare with alternative pharmacological or psychosocial treatments with respect to efficacy, safety, and cost/benefit ratio ... 

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