Cosmic scale

A hundred or so different molecular species have been spotted in molecular or circumstellar clouds. Most interstellar molecules are organic molecules, that is, they are carbon-based. This indicates that chemical evolution does occur on a cosmic scale. What is more, many molecules on the interstellar list are fundamental building-blocks for the construction of biological structures. 

Detonation (and Explosion) in Media of Variable Density. The study of this topic was conducted by some Rus scientists because it was considered that the problem has an application on the cosmic scale such as in explosions (evidenced by flare-ups) of novae and supernovae stars... 

On a cosmic scale, the second law is in agreement with the currently accepted theory of the expansion of the universe from an initial, highly located Big Bang. ... 

The nuclides of each modular group are spread along 11 festoons that terminate in a radioactive nuclide at each end. Nuclides on the high-ratio side decay by positron emission or electron capture those on the low-ratio side by /3-emission. All nuclides with A > 209 decay by cr-emission. The 81 naturally stable elements have, on average, 3 isotopes each. The predicted 100 elements on the cosmic scale, by the same reckoning, correspond to 300 isotopes. 

The formation of an interface in a two-component homogeneous fluid happens when interaction between like entities becomes dominant. The resulting rearrangement is an example of symmetry breakdown that leads to the segregation of components into separate layers. On the cosmic scale a phase separation between matter and anti-matter is assumed to create two three-dimensional worlds in 4D space, such as >4 of Thierrin space. The interface can therefore not be crossed in three dimensions. 

The new theories that spring from the application of Bohmian mechanics to chemical problems reveal a close connection between chemical phenomena and the attributes of space-time. The most fundamental principle of chemistry is the periodic classification of the elements in terms of natural numbers. Examined against the background of number theory a deeper level of periodicity that embraces all nuclides is revealed and found to relate on a cosmic scale to an involution in space-time structure. 

To take that long road will clearly demand that the difficulties described earlier for the design of nanobots can be overcome, but there are other practical issues too for nanobots working on the cosmic scale. We will assume that spaces can be spanned fast enough else we will be confined to a much smaller, colder, local universe with the rest of the universe expanding away and fading from contact forever. But perhaps that lonely island will be the sanctuary of the human race, and perhaps one of more manageable proportions. 

Charles and Ray Eames made a 1968 ten-minute documentary film, Powers of Ten, showing the universe at different scales, from the cosmic scale down through the human DNA, its atoms, and beyond. The Philip and Phylis Morrison were scientific advisors on the movie, which Philip Morrison narrated. It was elected in 1998 for preservation in the National Film Registry, which selects culturally, historically or aesthetically significant motion pictures for preservation. The resulting book is ... 

Expanding universe cosmologies, in contrast, are based on a special metric that assumes a imiversal time, independent of the curved spatial manifold, as a solution of Einstein s gravitational field equations. In reality this is a second-generation generalization of Einstein s static-universe cosmology, once assumed to be the only possible solution of the field equations on a cosmic scale. However, as emphasized by Fuller and Wheeler (1962) ... 

The imphed wave nature of elementary matter furthermore clarifies their mode of interaction through standing waves generated by the interference between advanced and retarded wave components. The negative-energy solutions of relativistic wave equations first indicated the existence of antimatter, as later confirmed experimentally. To avoid the annihilation of matter and antimatter on a cosmic scale an involuted structure of the vacuum, consistent with projective space-time, is inferred. 

This happens because stars are very bright but also lightweight. The sun s vast bulk consists of hydrogen and helium, the lightest elements possible, so it is closer to fluffy than heavy on any cosmic scale. A piece of the sun placed in a full bathtub would almost float on the water. 

From this observation we infer self-similarity on a cosmic scale, from atoms to galaxies, which implies the same numerical basis for the atomic models of Nagaoka and Bohr, assumed to be self-similar with the rings of Saturn and the planets, respectively. In principle, the periodic accumulation of extranuclear electron density on an atom could also be optimized by specifying an appropriate convergence angle. 

Casual interpretation of the local environment as three-dimensional space and universal time flow is not consistent with the known four-dimensional structure of space-time on a cosmic scale. Local Euclidean space is said to be tangent to the underlying four-dimensional curved space-time. 

It is also known as self-similarity, a concept which is intimately related to the golden ratio, and known to operate on a cosmic scale. Our observations may therefore be rationalized by considering elementary matter as the product of large-scale space-time curvature, as described by the golden ratio. We reach the provocative conclusion that a construct, which is entirely governed by the properties of the golden ratio and number theory, predicts the electronic configuration of all atoms, without reference to any chemical know-how, as a basis of a chemical theory. 

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