Corticotrophin releasing hormone

Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the endocrine system of fish. TRH = thyrotrophin releasing hormone GnRH = gonadotrophin releasing hormone CRH = corticotrophin releasing hormone TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone GtH = gonadotrophins I and II ...

Other tests include the insulin hypoglycemia test, the metyrapone test, and the corticotrophin-releasing hormone stimulation test. 

Clapham DE, Lechleiter JD, Girard S 1993 Intracellular waves observed by confocal microscopy from Xenopus oocytes. Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprot Res 28 161-165 Martin C, Chapman KE, Thornton S, Ashley RH 1999 Changes in the expression of myometrial ryanodine receptor mRNAs during human pregnancy. Biochim Biophys Acta 1451 343—352 McLean M, Smith R 2001 Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and human parturition. Reproduction 121 493-501... 

BNST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis CREB, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein CRH, corticotrophin-releasing hormone CS, conditioned stimuH GABA, y-aminobutyric acid GCC, voltage-gated calcium channels NE, norepinephrine NMDA, iST-methyl-D-aspartate PAG, periaqueductal gray. 

The hypothalamus-pituitary system is of particular importance for steroid hormones. The formation of steroid hormones in the adrenal cortex is controlled by the pituitary hormone corticotrophin (ACTH), whose formation in turn is regulated by the corresponding releasing factor of the hypothalamus, corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH). 

Anonymous. Corticorelin ACTH RF, corticoliberin, corticotrophin-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing factor, human corticotropin-releasing hormone, ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor, Xerecept. Drugs R D 2004 5(4) 218-9. 

In six hypertensive patients given nitrendipine 20 mg/day for 30 days, there was inhibition of aldosterone response but no significant change in ACTH secretion in response to corticotrophin-releasing hormone (225). 

Wong ML, Kling MA, Munson PJ, Listwak S, Licinio J, Prolo P, Karp B, McCutcheon IE, Geracioti TD Jr, DeBellis MD et al. (2000) Pronounced and sustained central hy-pernoradrenergic function in major depression with melancholic features relation to hypercortisolism and corticotrophin-releasing-hormone. Proc Natl Acad Sci 97 325-... 

K5. Kerdelhue, B., Lenoir, V., Kolm, R, Seltman, H. J., Jones, H. W., and Jones, G. S., ACTH, beta-endorphin, substance P, and corticotrophin releasing hormone in plasma and follicular fluid in hormonally stimulated menstrual cycles for in-vitro fertilization in the human. Hum. Reprod. 12, 231-235 (1997). 

There is a major negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, corticotrophin-releasing hormone, corticotropin (=ACTH) secreted by the pituitary and corticosteroids from the adrenal cortex, which dampen pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This loop normally acts to stabilise immune system activity, but it also has spillover effects on appetite and weight regulation. 

The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus releases corticotrophin-releasing hormone, which stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). ACTH travels via the blood to the adrenal gland, where it stimulates the release of cortisol. Cortisol is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland from a region called the zona fasciculata in response to ACTH. Elevated levels of cortisol exert negative feedback on the pituitary, which decreases the amount of ACTH released from the pituitary gland. 

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), corti-coliberin, is a hypothalamic polypeptide that has diagnostic use. It increases ACTH secretion in Cushing s disease secondary to pituitary ACTH-secreting adenoma. It has no therapeutic use. 

Two neuropeptides, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are released from parvoceUular neurons in the hypothalamic PVN to initiate a stress response. The terminal endings of these neurons, located in the median eminence of the hypothalamus, release CRH and AVP into the hypothalamic-hypophysial portal vessel system, where they travel to the anterior pituitary. The two neuropeptides act syn-ergistically on pituitary corticotrophs to activate the synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). This peptide, discussed in detail below, is processed to produce several peptides including adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), or corticotropin. ACTH released from corticotrophs travels via the bloodstream to act on cells in the zona fasciculata layer of the adrenal cortex, stimulating the synthesis and release of the glucocorticoids, cortisol (in humans) or corticosterone (in rodents). 

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH corticotrophin-releasing factor. CRF) controls release of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotrophic hormone. ACTH). which in turn controls the release of corticosteroids from the adrenal glands. See corticotrophin-releasing factor RECEPTOR agonists CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING FACTOR RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS. 

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), a peptide synthesised in the paraventricular nucleus, suppresses appetite and food intake in addition to its role in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. 

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