Cortex primary somatosensory

Similar maps exist in other parts of the brain for example, the areas concerned with sensory input such as the primary somatosensory cortex (see Figure 1.3). Such brain maps of the body are important because information from various organs converge on the brain in a highly organized fashion and can therefore be reflected at all levels of information processing. Such... 

Rebsam A, Seif I, Gaspar P (2002) Refinement of thalamocortical arbors and emergence of barrel domains in the primary somatosensory cortex a study of normal and monoamine oxidase aknock-out mice. J Neurosci 22 8541-8552... 

Boylan CB, Bennett-Clarke CA, Chiaia NL, Rhoades RW. Time course of expression and function of the serotonin transporter in the neonatal rat s primary somatosensory cortex. Somatosensory Motor Res 2000 17 52-60. 

Rhoades RW, Chiaia NL, Lane RD, Bennett-Clarke CA. Effect of activity blockade on changes in vibrissae-related patterns in the rat s primary somatosensory cortex induced by serotonin depletion. J Comp Neurol 1998 402 276-283. 

Recent B(a)P studies have established reductions in learning and memory correlates both in rodent and humans (Grova et al, 2007 Wormley et al, 2004 Widhohn et al, 2003 Gilbert et al, 2000 Hack et al, 1991 Perrera et al, 2003, 2006 Landrigan et al, 2004). We decided to use the rat cortex as a model of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex (Figure 17.6). Because of the unique organization of the rodent whisker to cortex pathway, and the aheady... 

Figure 4 Electrically evoked single-unit tactile responses recorded with microwire multielectrode arrays in rat hippocampus CA1, primary somatosensory cortex, and ventral posteromedial nucleus brain regions. (Upper) Raster plot of single-unit spikes before and after electrical current stimulation to whiskers. Each row is a separate trial. (Lower) Summed activity for all trials in 1-ms bins that demonstrate a response to electrical stimulation. The graphs show different latencies in firing for the three different regions. [Data reprinted from Ref. (1 3). Copyright (2007) National Academy of Sciences, U.S.]...

There are three other major somatosensory cortical areas, w hich include the primary, secondary, and tertiary somatosensory cortical areas and are soma to topically organized. The secondary somatosensory cortex and the posterior parietal cortex receive their projections from the primary somatosensory cortex and the posterior insular cortex receives input from the secondary somatosensory cortex. Corticortical projections as well as callasol connections are made by neurons of layers two and three. Descending projections to the striatum, brainstem, and spinal cord originate from neurons in layer five, w hile projections to the thalamus originate from neurons in layer six. 

SIBF primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field 18-36, 87-89,110, 112-116... 

Strong parvalbumin immunoreactivity is present in layer 4 of the primary somatosensory cortex. SMl-32 immunoreactivity formed distinctive patches in layer 4 of the barrel field and forelimb and hindlimb regions. The primary auditory area was identified on the basis of reduced calbindin immunoreactivity in the deep layers. All the auditory areas were marked by the presence of SMl-32 positive cells in the superficial layers. AChE marked the location of the prelimbic and agranular insular cortices. NADPH-diaphorase assisted in defining the agranular insular, perirhinal, and retrosplenial granular cortices. Additionally, NADPH-diaphorase immunoreactivity indicated the ventral part of the medial entorhinal cortex. Calretinin immunoreactivity assisted in delineation of the lateral entorhinal cortex where the outer part of layer one is densely stained. 

List of Abbreviations SI, primary somatosensory cortex SII, second somatosensory area PV, parietal ventral area SA, slowly adapting RA, rapidly adapting PC, pacinian VPL, ventral posterior lateral VPI, ventroposterior inferior CCD, charge coupled device VI, primary visual cortex V2, second visual area V4, fourth visual area IT, inferotemporal cortex... 

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Kunzle H (1977) Projections from the primary somatosensory cortex to basal ganglia and thalamus in the monkey. Exp. Brain Res.. 30, 481 92. 

Drouin C., Page M. and Waterhouse B. 2006. Methylphenidate enhances noradieneigic transmission and suppresses mid- and long-latency sensory responses in the primary somatosensory cortex of awake rats. J. Neurophysiol. 96 622-632. Epub 10 May 2006... 

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