Correcting Errors

If, upon review of the patent, the patentee discovers that the claims contain a formal error, are too narrow, or are too broad in view of the prior art, the patentee may ask the U.S. PTO to correct this error. There are four administrative vehicles for correcting errors in issued patents. The appHcation of each of these mechanisms is dependent on the nature and severity of the error, as weU as the source of its creation. 

The Certificate of Correction. Another mechanism for correcting the patent is the "Certificate of Correction," which is essentially a petition filed by the patentee to correct minor errors in the patent produced either by the U.S. PTO or inadvertentiy by the appHcant. Unlike the Notice of Errors, a Certificate of Correction does result in an additional pubHcation from the U.S. PTO, and anyone requesting a copy of a patent in which a Certificate of Correction has been filed will also obtain the Certificate of Correction. A Certificate of Correction reflects amendments made during the examination of the patent which were entered by the examiner but not found within the issued patent. The omission of such amendments can be in the body of the patent or in the patent claims. The Certificate of Correction may also be used to correct errors in the issued patent which were not present in the patent appHcation when it was filed. If the error was caused by the patent appHcant prior to or during examination, the patent appHcant bears the cost of filing and... 

Rework means the continuation of processing that will make an item conform to specification. Rework requires only normal operations to complete the item and does not require any additional instructions. Rework when applied to documents means correcting errors without changing the original requirement. 

In Pig. 4-ld, the input and output from the coder are again binary digits, but the output contains 3 digits for every one digit at the input so as to correct errors on the channel. 

Of course, this self-correction error is not limited to one electron systems, where it can be identified most easily, but applies to all systems. Perdew and Zunger, 1981, suggested a self-interaction corrected (SIC) form of approximate functionals in which they explicitly enforced equation (6-34) by substracting out the unphysical self-interaction terms. Without going into any detail, we just note that the resulting one-electron equations for the SIC orbitals are problematic. Unlike the regular Kohn-Sham scheme, the SIC-KS equations do not share the same potential for all orbitals. Rather, the potential is orbital dependent which introduces a lot of practical complications. As a consequence, there are hardly any implementations of the Perdew-Zunger scheme for self-interaction correction. 

DNA mismatch repair genes Genes that identify and correct errors in DNA base pairs during DNA replication. Mutations in the mismatch repair genes can lead to cancer by allowing abnormal cells to continue to grow. 

Zong, Y. Y., Parsons, P. J., and Slavin, W. (1998). Background correction errors for lead in the presence of phosphate with Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta B 53 1031-1039. 

In general, errors tend to be more systematic at a given ab initio or DFT level and may therefore often be taken into account by suitable corrections. Errors in semiempirical calculations are normally less uniform and thus harder to correct. 

Thns heterogeneity fluctuations on all relevant scales lead to the following complete array of correct errors for sampling in the general one-dimensional, process scenario ... 

The institution, pharmaceutical company or independent investigator carry considerable responsibility as custodian of trial data and is potentially exposed to charges of bias, of suppression or even of alteration of data. Data maybe modified in order to correct errors but all changes must be tracked. QC and assurance steps must be part of the process - not only carried out but also recorded (see Section 7.7). 

Correct errors in grammar, punctuation, and wording so that the following sentences are more in line with conventional writing practices. To help you with this exercise, we have indicated the submove for each sentence. 

Frameshift mutations may be produced by various mechanisms. For instance, intercalation of planar molecules, such as acridine within the DNA molecule, allows base insertions at replication. Acridine-type compounds may also induce mutations of the frameshift type by interfering with the excision and repair processes, which correct errors occurring during unequal crossover between homologous chromosomes at meiosis. Such unequal crossover gives rise to errors of the frameshift type. 

Correcting errors. Much attention has been devoted to "proofreading" or "editing" activities of... 

Postreplicational mismatch repair has been found to correct errors in base substitution occurring during DNA replication in prokaryotes.48 This lowers the error rate for the polymerase from 1 in 106 to 107 to the observed range of values of 1 in 108 to 1010 in E. coli. How does the repair system know in this case which base in a mispair is the incorrect one The answer appears to be that the parent strand is tagged by methylation. A small proportion, some 0.2%, of the cytosine residues are methylated at the 5 position, and a similar proportion of the adenine residues are methylated at the 6 position. As methylation is a postreplicative event, the daughter strand is temporarily undermethylated after replication. 

Many aminoacyl-tRNA synthases appear to contain a second catalytic site that serves to correct errors by hydrolyzing incorrectly matched amino acids and tRNAs. These proof-reading hydrolysis reactions are best understood in the case... 

Correct errors in the COC form by crossing out the wrong information with a single line and placing your initials next to it. 

If a COC form becomes hard to read because of too many corrected errors, rewrite it completely. 

There are problems with adenine, glyolate, glyoxylate and glyceroBphos, which indicates that their values should be recalculated or should be calculated from other reactions. Since most of the species properties in BasicBiochemData2 can be obtained by several different paths, it is possible to find and correct errors. 

Notice that the fractional error in A2 is twice the fractional error in A, not V2 times the fractional error as would happen if you multiplied two independent numbers with the same error. The solubility product is the square of the concentration, so it is (3.83 0.12) x 10 n M2. By the way, notice that each individual measurement was made with much higher accuracy than the final result—correct error propagation is quite important. 

Note that in Reference 17, Table 1, which gives the coefficients for the regression analysis of the superposition correction error, there is a misprint Cg2 = —0.02029 and not — 0.2029 as listed. 

---