Coral reefs dynamics

Smith, T. B. (2005). The Dynamics of Coral Reef Algae in an UpweDing System . Doctoral Dissertation. University ofMiami,158 pp. 

Studying the changes in nutrient concentrations in waters before and after they flow over reefs was an approach first utiHzed to study coral reef nitrogen dynamics... 

Coral reefs are not stable, static communities living in benign environments, but rather are very dynamic ecosystems which are subject to frequent natural physical disturbance on times scales which vary from minutes to years (Furnas, 2003 Furnas... 

Scheffers, S. R., Nieuwland, G., Bak, R. P. M., and van Duyl, F. C. (2004). Removal ofbacteria and nutrient dynamics within the coral reef framework of Curacao (Netherlands Antilles). Coral Reefs 23(3), 413-422. 

Szmant, A. M. (2001). Introduction to the special issue of coral reefs on coral reef algal community dynamics Why are coral reefs world-wide becoming overgrown by algae Algae, algae everywhere, and nowhere a bite to eat Coral Reefs. 19, 299-302. 

Van Duyl, p. C., Scheffers, S. R., et al. (2006). The effect of water exchange on bacterioplankton depletion and inorganic nutrient dynamics in coral reef cavities. Coral Reefs 25, 23-26. 

Atkinson, M.J., Falter, J.L. and Hearn, C.J. (2001) Nutrient dynamics in the Biosphere 2 coral reef mesocosm water velocity controls NH4 and P04 uptake. Coral Reefs, 20, 341-346. 

Kraines, S., Suzuki, Y., Omori, T., Shitashima, K., Kanahara, S. and Komiyama, H. (1997) Carbonate dynamics of the coral reef system at Bora Bay, Miyako Island. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 156, 1-16. 

Based on such dynamic deformation characteristics, noiseless swimming robotic structures as shown in Figure 13 and cilia assembly-type robotic worlds, similar to coral reefs, as shown in Figure 14, were constructed and tested for collective vibrational dynamics. Furthermore, wing flapping flying machines, schematically shown in Figure 15, can be equipped with these muscles. 

Figure 14-Cilia-Type assembly of EPMC-Pt Muscles Simulating Collective Dynamic Vibrational Response Similar to Coral Reefs and could create anti-biofouling surfaces...

Patten, N. L., Mitchell, J. F., Middleboe, M., Eyre, B. D., Seuront, L., Harrison, P. L., Glud, R. N. (2008). Bacterial and viral dynamics during a mass coral spawning period on the Great Barrier Reef. Aq. Microh. Ecol. 50, 209—220. 

---