Copper nitric acid, reaction

Nitric oxide also can be made by reactions of nitric acid, nitrate, or nitrite salts with metals, metal oxides, or sulfates. Several metals react with nitric acid liberating nitric oxide. (See Nitric Acid, Reactions). For example, action of 1 1 nitric acid on copper turnings forms nitric oxide ... 

As you know, when an atom loses electrons, its oxidation number increases when an atom gains electrons, its oxidation number decreases. Therefore, the total increase in oxidation numbers (oxidation) must equal the total decrease in oxidation numbers (reduction) of the atoms involved in the reaction. The balancing technique called the oxidation-number method is based on these principles. The CHEMLAB at the end of this chapter gives you the opportunity to perform and balance the copper-nitric acid redox reaction. 

ACIDE SULFHYDRIQUE (French) (7783-06-4) A highly flammable and reactive gas. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, metal oxides, metal dusts and powders, bromine penta-fluoride, chlorine trifluoride, chromium trioxide, chromyl chloride, dichlorine oxide, nitrogen trichloride, nitryl hypofluorite, oxygen difluoride, perchloryl fluoride, phospham, phosphorus persulfide, silver fulminate, soda-lime, sodium peroxide. Incompatible with acetaldehyde, chlorine monoxide, chromic acid, chromic anhydride, copper, nitric acid, phenyldiazonium-chloride, sodium. Forms explosive material with benzenediazonium salts. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. Attacks many metals. 

The concentration of the acid is quite important here but not just because higher concentration provides more oxidizing compound. The oxidizing power of the acid is influenced by the concentration of the species according to the Nernst equation, shown below for the copper and nitric acid reaction ... 

The reaction between copper and nitric acid, 1 part concentrated acid and 1 part water, gives impure nitrogen monoxide ... 

Oxidation. Acetaldehyde is readily oxidised with oxygen or air to acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and peracetic acid (see Acetic acid and derivatives). The principal product depends on the reaction conditions. Acetic acid [64-19-7] may be produced commercially by the Hquid-phase oxidation of acetaldehyde at 65°C using cobalt or manganese acetate dissolved in acetic acid as a catalyst (34). Liquid-phase oxidation in the presence of mixed acetates of copper and cobalt yields acetic anhydride [108-24-7] (35). Peroxyacetic acid or a perester is beheved to be the precursor in both syntheses. There are two commercial processes for the production of peracetic acid [79-21 -0]. Low temperature oxidation of acetaldehyde in the presence of metal salts, ultraviolet irradiation, or osone yields acetaldehyde monoperacetate, which can be decomposed to peracetic acid and acetaldehyde (36). Peracetic acid can also be formed directiy by Hquid-phase oxidation at 5—50°C with a cobalt salt catalyst (37) (see Peroxides and peroxy compounds). Nitric acid oxidation of acetaldehyde yields glyoxal [107-22-2] (38,39). Oxidations of /)-xylene to terephthaHc acid [100-21-0] and of ethanol to acetic acid are activated by acetaldehyde (40,41). 

Although many variations of the cyclohexane oxidation step have been developed or evaluated, technology for conversion of the intermediate ketone—alcohol mixture to adipic acid is fundamentally the same as originally developed by Du Pont in the early 1940s (98,99). This step is accomplished by oxidation with 40—60% nitric acid in the presence of copper and vanadium catalysts. The reaction proceeds at high rate, and is quite exothermic. Yield of adipic acid is 92—96%, the major by-products being the shorter chain dicarboxytic acids, glutaric and succinic acids,and CO2. Nitric acid is reduced to a combination of NO2, NO, N2O, and N2. Since essentially all commercial adipic acid production arises from nitric acid oxidation, the trace impurities patterns ate similar in the products of most manufacturers. 

In both the sulfuric and nitric acid processes, the dorn metal must be in shot form prior to treatment to secure a reasonably rapid reaction. A number of steps also may be required in processing the dorne metal to remove miscellaneous impurities, particularly in treating material from copper-anode slime (31). 

EtOH). No methoxyl is present. It forms a series of crystalline double chlorides with cadmium, zinc or copper, does not give the thalleioquin reaction, and solutions of its sulphate are not fluorescent. It is diacidie and forms two series of salts of which the nitrate, B. HNOj, crystallises in minute prisms, m.p. 196°, insoluble in water. Cinchonamine hydrochloride, B. HCl, laminae or B. HCl. HjO, cubical crystals, has been suggested for use in the estimation of nitrates. When warmed with strong nitric acid the alkaloid furnishes dinitrocinchonamine. It gives an amorphous, monoacetyl derivative, and forms a methiodide, m.p. 208 , which with silver oxide yields an amorphous methylcinchonamine. Raymond-Hamet found that cinchonamine ves typical indole colour reactions and is probably an indole alkaloid. This seems to have been... 

Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of nitric acid with insoluble copper(II) sulfide the products include Cu2+, S(s), and N02(g). 

Cupric sulfide, copper(II) sulfide, reacts with hot nitric acid to produce nitric oxide gas, NO, and elemental sulfur. Only the oxidation numbers of S and N change. Write the balanced equation for the reaction. 

Discussion, Copper may be deposited from either sulphuric or nitric acid solution, but, usually, a mixture of the two acids is employed. If such a solution is electrolysed with an e.m.f. of 2-3 volts the following reactions occur ... 

Seif-Test 12.1A Copper reacts with dilute nitric acid to form copper(II) nitrate and the gas nitric oxide, NO. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction. 

Reaction with construction materials, e.g. nitric acid can produce nitric oxide gas on contact with copper in pipes or copper windings in motors of canned pumps ... 

A wide range of catalytic materials have been investigated for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx. For stationary emissions, NH3-SCR using vanadium-tungsten oxides supported on titania is the most used method however, when there is a simultaneous emission of NO and NOz (in tail gas from nitric acid plants), copper-based zeolites or analogous systems have been proven to be preferable [31b], In fact, there are two main reactions for NH3-SCR ... 

Other metal oxide catalysts studied for the SCR-NH3 reaction include iron, copper, chromium and manganese oxides supported on various oxides, introduced into zeolite cavities or added to pillared-type clays. Copper catalysts and copper-nickel catalysts, in particular, show some advantages when NO—N02 mixtures are present in the feed and S02 is absent [31b], such as in the case of nitric acid plant tail emissions. The mechanism of NO reduction over copper- and manganese-based catalysts is different from that over vanadia—titania based catalysts. Scheme 1.1 reports the proposed mechanism of SCR-NH3 over Cu-alumina catalysts [31b],... 

Metal ions play an important role in several of these oxidative reactions as well as in biological dioxygen metabolism. As an example, copper(II) acetate and hydrogen peroxide have been used to produce a stable oxidizing agent, hydroperoxy copper(II) compound. The same oxidation system is also obtained from copper(II) nitrate and hydrogen peroxide (Eq. 1) [103] but requires the neutralization of ensuing nitric acid by potassium bicarbonate to maintain a pH 5. 

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical benzoins have been rapidly oxidized to benzils in high yields using solid reagent systems, copper(II) sulfate-alumina [105] or Oxone-wet alumina [105, 106] under the influence of microwaves (Scheme 6.32). Conventionally, the oxidative transformation of a-hydroxy ketones to 1,2-diketones is accomplished by reagents such as nitric acid, Fehling s solution, thallium(III) nitrate (TTN), ytterbium(III) nitrate, ammonium chlorochromate-alumina and dayfen. In addition to the extended reaction time, most of these processes suffer from drawbacks such as the use of corrosive acids and toxic metals that generate undesirable waste products. 

Solid copper shavings are added to a concentrated nitric acid solution. (This reaction is well known and is covered quite extensively in textbooks. Note how it departs from the guideline.)... 

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