Copper formate

Certain salts of divalent metals (e.g., lead and copper formate, calcium acetate) are exceptional in giving bright green fluorescences. In each case confirmatory tests must always be employed. 

Trioctylamine has been prepared, in a continuous process, using 5,200 kg of -octanol, 100 kg of copper formate catalyst, 500 kg of -octylamine, 10 kg of calcium hydroxide, and 240 kg of ammonia (58). Ammonia was added over a 10-h period while 10 m of hydrogen/h was passed through the reactor at a reaction temperature of 180—200°C. The final product was composed of 94% trioctylamine, 2% dioctylamine, 1% octylamine, and 0.5% -octanol. A... 

Catalysts used for preparing amines from alcohols iaclude cobalt promoted with tirconium, lanthanum, cerium, or uranium (52) the metals and oxides of nickel, cobalt, and/or copper (53,54,56,60,61) metal oxides of antimony, tin, and manganese on alumina support (55) copper, nickel, and a metal belonging to the platinum group 8—10 (57) copper formate (58) nickel promoted with chromium and/or iron on alumina support (53,59) and cobalt, copper, and either iron, 2iac, or zirconium (62). 

There have been wide variations in the interest shown in the salts of this group. Nickel formate and, to a lesser extent, copper formates have been the subject of particularly detailed investigations. For other solids, little information is available. 

Acetylene Copper Formation of copper acetylide sensitive to shock and friction... 

Le Peltier, Lavalley, and coworkers—IR investigations indicate RWGS proceeds via copper formates/carbonates during methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnAl204. 

Figure 3. An example of correlation between the abundance of low volatile metals in a random set of Karabash snow samples (C) and the calculated volatility of the same pure metals at the temperature of blister copper formation (12600 C). Vertical points correspond to the selected samples K(A)j the data for Si, Cu, and Fe are not considered.

Figure 6.2-7 Cyclic voltammogram of CuCI in acidic [BMIMj cr/AICIs on Au(l 11) three UPD processes are observed, correlated with decoration of Au steps by copper, formation of an 8x8 superstructure followed by a Cu monolayer. Before the bulk deposition a second monolayer grows together with clusters...

An obvious initial step in the reduction of C02 by homogeneous systems involves the insertion of C02 into the metal-hydrogen bond to give metal formates. However, subsequent work by Beguin et al. (65) has shed doubt on the intermediacy of the formato complex in their systems (see above). For example, these researchers were not successful in transforming a copper formate derivative into alkylformate [Eq. (41)]. On the other hand, they... 

X-Ray Data (Copper), Physical Data (Copper), Formation and Stability Constants (Cobalt, Nickel, and Copper)... 

Yang Y, et al. Isotope effects in methanol synthesis and the reactivity of copper formates on a Cu/Si02 catalyst. Catal Lett. 2008 125(3—4) 201—8. 

The nitrogen resonance of urea has recently been observed, at 77 °K 83> in a complex salt containing one copper formate molecule with two water and two urea molecules. The coupling is quite close to that in pure urea, showing that the intermolecular contribution to the coupling is probably weak. 

The use of temperature programmed desorption makes possible a qualitative and a quantitative determination of formate species as well as their localization on the copper or on the support [21], Figure 6 shows that after chemisorption of CO2 (or MeOH given the reversibility of the reaction) a CO2 desorption attributed to copper formates can be observed in the temperature range 160-200°C whereas the desorption above 300°C corresponds to formates or carbonates located on the support [21]. The relation between the copper surface areas, the amount of formates and the catalytic activity is given in table 5. 

TPD and infrared spectroscopy were used to study CO2 hydrogenation over Cu/ZnO/Si02 catalyst. Adsorbed CO2 was believed to form copper formate via the hydrogenation and the formate subsequently. The role of zinc oxide seemed to store more hydrogen during reaction, which promoted the hydrogenation of copper formate to methanol. 

During the heterogeneous decomposition of formic acid on copper, the active metaUic phase undergoes sintering, sublimation and modifications of surface texture [25], By comparison with the behaviour of copper(II) formate [13], it is concluded that copper(l) formate is formed. Thus variations in the values of A and E, reported for the catalytic process may be attributed to a dependence of kinetic behaviour on the lifetime of the volatile participant, and thus upon metal mobility and reaction conditions [5], The decompositions of the copper formates and the catalytic decomposition of formic acid on copper metal thus include the participation of common intermediates, but these different reactions each consist of a sequence of several interdependent processes. 

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