Copper formate thermal decomposition

The mechanism of the process is that the polymer reactive centers promote the metal nucleation and aggregation, after which the thermolysis occurs and the metal-containing substance is redistributed. The maximum amount of copper being introduced in PS through a common solvent is about 10%. At the same time, the polymer presence increases the temperature of cadmium trihydrate-oxalate decomposition [97], and the decay products increase the initial temperature of PETF intensive destruction. The copper formate thermal decomposition in the highly dispersed PETF presence allows us to produce a metallopolymeric composition (20-34% of copper) where the NP size distribution is maximal at 4nm, without any chemical interaction between the components. 

Erraan and Stonehave devised a new method for the construction of the tricyclic skeleton associated with such sesquiterpenes as a-patchoulene (438) and cyperene (439). The route they employed was the formation of the acid-ester (440 R = OH) by a Diels-Alder reaction of 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2,4-dimethyl-penta-1,3-diene with acrylic acid. The corresponding diazo-ketone (440 R = CHN2), on treatment with boron trifluoride etherate, gave the keto-esters (441) and (442) directly. This direct acid-catalysed cyclization proved to be more efficient than the conventional copper-catalysed thermal decomposition of (440 ... 

Thermal decomposition of [Cu0Si(0 Bu)3]4 in the solid phase begins at ca. 100 °C under argon (by TGA) and results in formation of an amorphous material until roughly 600 °C, at which temperature Cu metal was detected (by PXRD) [105]. Conversely, decomposition under oxygen led initially to a material with Cu crystalhtes and small amounts of CU2O and CuO, and subsequent heating beyond 800 °C resulted in oxidation of all the copper to CuO. 

Thermal decomposition—Thermal decomposition methods may be used to prepare metal oxide fumes. An aerosol of a precursor to the metal oxide (i.e., a substance that is readily decomposed, thermally, to yield the oxide) is first generated and then is heated by passing it through a heated tube to decompose it to the oxide. Metal formates, oxalates, and the like, which readily yield the oxides and do not produce objectionable side products, are commonly used precursors. In this program, fumes of iron oxide, vanadium oxide, and copper oxide were generated using this method. 

Heating chloroacrolein yields 20% of 6-chloro-2-formyl-4//-pyran.l92The formation of pyrans by thermal decomposition of ethyl acetoacetate and its homologs on a copper powder catalyst is patented.193 Surprisingly, 2H-pyran 148 (20%) was reported when 2-oxoglutaric acid reacted with lead(II) nitrate.194... 

In relation to elemental metals, o-quinones are extremely reactive ligands [11,12,14,133,192-208], especially those containing t-butyl substituents. Complexes of o-benzoquinones, o-semiquinones, and catechols of this type have been obtained by direct interaction between metal powders and the corresponding ligands and reviewed [14]. It was established that thermal decomposition of such complexes of copper in solution leads to the formation of metallic copper and the initial o-quinone. 

As has been mentioned in 1, smooth surfaces of copper, including those deposited electrolytically, reduced copper mirrors, and polished surfaces were quite inactive (a, i) a minute trace of activity only was occasionally detected in commercial copper gauze, but copper prepared by thermal decomposition of either cupric or cuprous oxides, or copper salts of mono- and dibasic fatty acids, by condensation on china-clay rods2 from the vapour (in nitrogen, to prevent oxidation), or by stirring up the atoms of copper into open formation by heating in ammonia at 820°, was active (t). 

Several copper(I)-catalyzed coupling reactions of alkynes or diynes with Co3 clusters proceed with the deposition of insoluble black materials which have v(CO) spectra typical to those of the CCo3(CO)g clusters described above.438 Similar products were obtained when HCsCMgBr was used. Thermal decomposition of 286 at 100 °C gives conducting aggregates, which continue to show v(CO) absorptions and are soluble in non-aqueous solvents.480 The conductivity appears to be associated with partial decarbonylation and formation of granular microcrystalline materials. 

Another effect of aggregation is to allow the formation of core-substituted clusters. o-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylcopper exchanges with its silver analog to give copper-silver tetranuclear compounds of the type AgnCu4 (o-CFgCgH4)4, the parent ions of which have been detected by mass spectroscopy. The C—Ag bonds break preferentially on thermal decomposition, leaving the copper compound (37). A mixed cluster compound was also isolated by Seitz and Madl (258). Core substitution... 

The related volatile hexafluoroacetylacetonate, Pd(hfa cac)2, and several mixed allyl diketonates, including the liquid [Pd(C3H5)(Bu C(0)CH(CO)C3F7)], are used for chemical vapor deposition on surfaces (CVD) and subsequent reduction to Pd. The mechanism of formation of a Pd film on a copper surface by thermal decomposition of deposited Pd(hfacac)2 has been studied in detail. Reduction with H2 can also be used and it produces polycrystalline Pd. 

The kinetics of the thermal decomposition of Cupy4(NCS)2 have been studied (425), as have the thermodynamics of the reaction of NCS with various polyamine complexes of copper(III) leading to the formation of bonds (70). 

As a preparative method the direct decarboxylation of olefinic acids is almost limited to the formation of styrenes and stilbenes from substituted cinnamic acids. Thermal decomposition of cinnamic acid gives styrene (41%). The yield is nearly quantitative if the reaction is carried out in quinoline at 220° in the presence of a copper catalyst. The yields of substituted styrenes where the aryl radical contains halo, methoxyl, aldehyde, cyano, and nitro groups are in the range of 30-76%. cis-Stilbene and cis-p-nitrostilbene are prepared in this way from the corresponding a-phenylcinnamic acids (65%). One aliphatic compound worthy of mention is 2-ethoxypropene, prepared by heating -ethoxycro-tonic acid at 165° (91% yield). The mechanism of acid-catalyzed decarboxylations of this type has been studied. Isomerization of the double bond from the a,/5- to the /5, y-position before decarboxylation very likely occurs in many instances. ... 

The thermal reaction of chiral (S)-l-(methyl-2,2-diphenylcyclopropyl)copper (96) provides an interesting example of the effect of aggregates on the stereochemistry of the cyclopropyl radical. The thermal decomposition of (S)-96 led lo the formation of a variety of products depicted in Scheme 7. Product analysis, including stereochemistry, led to the mechanism shown in Scheme 8. The aggregate mixture [(S)-96] is assumed to exist in THF solution (colloidal ) where n = 2, 4, or 6. 

Among the series of the parent systems 1-4, [5]radialene (3) is still unknown. The simplest derivative described so far is decamethyl[5]radialene (135) which has been obtained from l,l-dibromo-2-methyIpropene (22) by low temperature metalation with n-butyllithium followed by a metal exchange reaction with nickel or (better) copper salts and the thermal decomposition of the carbenoid thus formed (equation 10). The yield of 135 varies it is only 14% with CuBr SMe2, but it more than doubles (32%) when Cul PBu3 is employed . The formation of 135 is accompanied by di-, tri- and tetramer-ization of the dimethylvinylidene unit derived from 22 leading to tetramethylbutatriene and the respective permethylated [3]- and [4]radialenes. It is unlikely, though, that this... 

The thermal decomposition of copper oxalate in Nj has been studied recently by Coetzee et al. [73]. Decomposition started at about 533 K and took place in one stage. The mass of the solid product from the decomposition corresponded to the formation of CujO. Evolved gas analysis showed that both COj and CO are evolved during the decomposition. The proportion of CO in the evolved gas was greatest during the initial period and declined steadily as the reaction proceeded. The DSC results showed that (unlike the oxalates [M(C204)(H20)2] J the decomposition of copper oxalate in N2 is exothermic with an enthalpy change of -33 kJ mol. ... 

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