Copper dietary sources

L. M. W. Owen, H. M. Crews, R. C. Massey, N. J. Bishop, Determination of copper, zinc and aluminium from dietary sources in the femur, brain and kidney of guinea pigs and a study of some elements in in vivo intestinal digesta by size-exclusion chromatographyD inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Analyst, 120 (1995), 705D712. 

Copper was also shown to be essential in the early 1900s. Copper is needed for the absorption and mobilization of iron, so a deficiency of copper causes a type of anemia that is difficult to distinguish from iron deficiency anemia. Copper is also needed for the cardiovascular system, bone, brain, and nervous system. Premature and malnourished infants are particularly susceptible to developing copper deficiency, in part because milk is a poor source of copper. Whole grains, legumes, and nuts are the major dietary sources of copper. 

Major dietary sources of vitamin C are fresh, frozen, and canned citrus fruits. Other fruits, leafygreen vegetables, and tomatoes are important contributors to ascorbate intake. Human milk contains 30-55 mg/L, depending on maternal intake of vitamin C. Exposure to copper, iron, and oxygen can destroy vitamin C by oxidation. The vitamin is heat-labile, so excessive cooking will degrade it. D-Ascorbate (isoascorbate or erythroascorbate), frequently used as a food preservative, has one-twentieth the biological activity of L-ascorbate. 

For those, undoubtedly the majority even in Western countries, who rely on natural dietary sources of the vitamin, care is needed in culinary practice if much of the ascorbic acid is not to be lost. As seen in Chapter 5 the fine cutting of vegetables releases ascorbic acid oxidase which will destroy the vitamin and the use of excessive water for cooking will leach it out of the food. Overcooking and the addition of sodium bicarbonate, thankfully by now little practised, also destroy the vitamin by oxidation which is particularly rapid in cooking pots made of copper. For the human infant, as for any mammal, mother s milk is a whole food and that includes vitamin C at a level of 3.0-5.5 mg%. Bovine milk is much less rich and needs supplementation for feeding to human infants. 

Mineral constituents are essential for normal development of humans. As essential elements are not synthesized in body they must be obtained from dietary sources. They play important roles in the metabolic functions. Calcium and phosphorus are essential for bone structure, potassium and sodium are involved in the functions of all organs, iron, copper and manganese are important for enzymatic functions. Cornelian cherry fruits, being rich in essential elements, might be considered as important nutritional supplements. 

Poultry meat is also a good source of phosphorus, iron, copper, and zinc. Additionally, it is a rich dietary source of vitamin B-12 and vitamin B-6, and it supplies appreciable amounts of vitamin A, biotin, niacin, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, and thiamin. 

Dietary sources of copper range from OT mg. Cu per kg. fresh vegetables to 44 mg. per kg. fresh calf liver. The mixed human diet provides O-l to 5 mg. Cu per diem. MUk is usually very deficient in Cu, and Daniels and Wright (1934) suggest that the diet... 

See also Antioxidants Observational Studies Intervention Studies. Ascorbic Acid Physiology, Dietary Sources and Requirements. Carotenoids Chemistry, Sources and Physiology Epidemiology of Health Effects. Copper. Folic Acid. Riboflavin. Selenium. Vitamin E Physiology and Health Effects. Zinc Physiology. 

Dietary copper is more important than waterborne copper in reducing the survival and growth of rainbow trout larvae (Woodward et al. 1994). Simultaneous exposure of rainbow trout to dietary and waterborne copper results in significant copper assimilation. Diet is the main source of tissue copper however, the contribution of waterborne Cu to tissue burdens increases as water concentrations rise (Miller et al. 1993). 

In turkeys, natural diets with as much as 800 mg Cu/kg ration have no adverse effects on growth or survival. But purified diets are toxic to turkeys in three weeks, and purified diets that contain as little as 50 mg Cu/kg ration produce adverse effects (Waibel et al. 1964). Turkeys fed purified diets with supplemented copper show a dose-dependent increase in mortality and decrease in growth these effects are attributed to a copper-accelerated dietary deterioration (Supplee 1964). Turkey growth and survival are acceptable when fed purified diets supplemented with as much as 800 mg Cu/kg ration provided that effective levels of added antioxidant (0.02% ethoxyquin) and stabilized sources of Vitamins A and D are present (Supplee 1964). 

Potato peels are waste by-products of the potato-processing industry. They are a good source of vitamin C, vitamin Be, copper, potassium, manganese, and dietary fiber. They also contain a... 

Additional measurements of the coefficients of iron binding by dietary fibers from various sources are needed, particularly because the published coefficients are based on single samples of wheat and maize brans. The need is made greater by the finding of Thompson et al (65) that method of fiber preparation affected ion exchange capacity for copper and zinc. It would be helpful to learn if iron is similarly affected. Further studies of the importance of the protein that appears to be an intrinsic component of some dietary fibers in binding of iron and other cations are needed. The extent of binding of ferric iron by dietary fibers needs to be evaluated. 

Copper (I) iodide Copper iodide (Cul) Copper monoiodide Copper(1 ) iodide Copper(l) iodide Cuprous iodide EINECS 231-674-6 EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 108301 HSDB 271 Hydro-Giene Natural marshite. Used as a feed additive, in table salt as source of dietary iodine, catalyst, in cloud seeding. Solid mpa 588-606° bp= 1290° d = 5.63 insoluble in all solvents. Atomergic Chemetals Blythe, Williams Ltd. Cerac Greet R.W. Co. Mitsui Toatsu Nihon Kagaku Sangyo Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chem. 

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