Copper complexes agents

See Copper Complexing agents, Water Lithium nitride... 

McKnight, D. M. and Morel, F. M. M. (1979). Release of weak and strong copper-complexing agents by algae, Limnol. Oceanogr., 24, 823-837. 

The protein-bound copper can be removed by dialysis against cyanide, sulfide, and other copper complexing agents. Subsequent reintroduction of the copper restores the oxygenating ability of hemocyanin. However, the resynthesis of hemocyanin from apohemocyanin can be achieved only with cuprous, not cupric salts (6, 13). Practically quantitative reconstitution is obtained by the use of the acetonitrile complex of copper (21). The apoprotein appears specific for copper since the binding of other metal ions denatures the protein (6). 

Application of ion-selective electrodes to determine copper by standard addition method in nickel plating bath was suggested by Frant. Later Hulanicki et al." using a copper ion-selective electrode proposed a method based on multiple standard addition in presence of a copper complexing agent to prevent a harmful influence of chloride ions. In this work a similar method is used to determine copper also in zinc and cobalt baths. 

The most important reaction of f. is the - hydrogenation to - tetrahydrofuran. Reaction at 400-450 °C over AI2O3 with ammonia yields pyrrole and with H2S thiophene. F. can react with maleic anhydride to form a Diels Alder adduct. Both can copolymerize radically to form an alternating 1 1 copolymer, which is used as a copper-complexing agent. 

The heavy metals, copper, chromium, mercury, nickel, and 2inc, which are used as catalysts and complexing agents for the synthesis of dyes and dye intermediates, are considered priority poUutants (313). 

NOTE Cupric copper (Cu2+) is a catalyst for the hydrazine-oxygen reaction, as well as a catalyst for sulfite, DEHA, erythorbic acid, and hydroquinone. Cuprous copper (Cu+) acts as a complexing agent in the desirable formation of protective, pasivated copper oxide films. 

Complexing, using a complexing agent such as thiourea or ammonia, for example, to remove mixtures of cuprous oxide, cupric oxide, and plated copper metal. 

Werner s coordination theory, 1, 6 Whewellite structure, 6, 849 Wickmanite structure, 6, 849 Wilkinson s catalyst, 6, 239 Wilson s disease, 5, 721 copper, 6,648 removal, 6,769 copper complexes, 2,959 copper metabolism, 6,766 radiopharmaceutical agents, 6,968 Wolfram s red salt, 5,427 Wurzite... 

The copper(II) complexes of 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde bis(thiosemicarbazone) and related compounds are active in vivo agents [151, 158, 159]. The metal complexes of 2-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones were evaluated for their cytotoxicities [160, 161]. Further studies have revealed that these ligand s iron and copper complexes are effective inhibitors of DNA synthesis at much lower concentrations than the free thiosemicarbazones without apparent cytotoxicity [127]. Although the iron(III) complex of 2-isoformylquinoline thiosemicarbaz-one, 21, is considerably more active than free 21, the copper(II) complex is only moderately more active [127]. 

Retard efficiently oxidation of polymers catalysed by metal impurities. Function by chelation. Effective metal deactivators are complexing agents which have the ability to co-ordinate the vacant orbitals of transition metal ions to their maximum co-ordination number and thus inhibit co-ordination of hydroperoxides to metal ions. Main use of stabilisation against metal-catalysed oxidation is in wire and cable applications where hydrocarbon materials are in contact with metallic compounds, e.g. copper. 

The concentrations of metals found in complexed metals subcategory raw waste streams are presented in Table 9.6. Complexed metals may occur in a number of unit operations but come primarily from electroless and immersion plating. The most commonly used metals in these operations are copper, nickel, and tin. Wastewaters containing complexing agents must be segregated and treated independently of other wastes in order to prevent further complexing of free metals in the other streams. 

A bottle of cuprous chloride solution prepared by standing cupric chloride in strong hydrochloric acid over excess copper burst on standing. In the presence of some complexing agents, copper can react with aqueous media to form hydrogen. Slow pressurisation by this means explains the above explosion (Editor s comments). The metal is also known to dissolve in cyanides and some amine solutions. 

Moi, M.K., Meares, C.F., McCall, M.J., Cole, W.C., and DeNardo, S.J. (1985) Copper chelates as probes of biological systems stable copper complexes with a macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agent. Anal. Biochem. 148, 249-253. 

A number of heteroaromatic monothiocarboxylic acids are formed by Pseudomonas sp. From P. putida, there was isolated pyridine-2,6-di-(mon-othiocarboxylic acid) 46 (Scheme 16). Of interest is the fact that in P. stutzeri KC, a copper complex of 46 is the active agent for a one electron transfer in the bacterial biodegradation of CCI4. Methylation of P. putida extracts provides a number of related structures such as 47. In addition, a P. fluorescens sp. contains 8-hydroxy-4-methoxy-quinoline-2-monothiocarboxylic acid 48.98... 

Activation rate constants (k) in ATRP/ATRA are typically determined from model studies in which copper complex is reacted with alkyl halide in the presence of radical trapping agents such as TEMPO [127,128,129], Rates are determined by monitoring the rate of disappearance of alkyl halide in the presence of large excess of the activator (Cu X/L) and TEMPO. Under such pseudo-first order conditions, the activation rate constant can be calculated ln([RX]0/[RX]() vs.t plots (slope =-k) Cu C/... 

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