Copolymers self-doped

Following the discovery of the unique electronic properties of polypyrrole, numerous polymers of pyrrole have been crafted. A copolymer of pyrrole and pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid is used in a glucose biosensor, and a copolymer of pyrrole and A-methylpyrrole operates as a redox switching device. Self-doping, low-band gap, and photorefractive pyrrole polymers have been synthesized, and some examples are illustrated [1,5]. 

Jung JW, Lee JU, Jo WH (2009) High-efficiency polymer solar cells with water-soluble and self-doped conducting polyaniline graft copolymer as hole transport layer. J Phys Chem C 114 633... 

Title Method of Making Novel Water-Soluble and Self-doped Polyaniline Graft Copolymers... 

Polyaniline has been grafted onto the poly(styrenesulfonic acid-co-aminostyrene) backbone using aniline, ammonium persulfate, and hydrochloric acid. The graft copolymer is water soluble and self-doping and can be used in electrical and marine anticorrosive applications. 

Preparation of Self-doped Polyaniline Graft Copolymer... 

Owing to the intense research into PANI, one can ensure that new materials will be created in the coming months and years composites, co-polymers, (graft copolymers of PANI and nitrilic rubber [104]), PANI self-doped with organic acids, and so on. It was announced very recently that PANI electropolymerized in cam-phor.sulfonic acid (CSA) presented electrochromic properties analogous to PANI electropolymerized in common acids [105], In fact, it seems that PANl-CSA presents noteworthy stability during electrochromic cyclings [58]. 

Water soluble, self-doped, PPy copolymer was also synthesized by introducing highly water-soluble, copolymer co-dopant, poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1 -propanesulfonic acid- co-N-(4-anilino-phenyl) -methacrylate), Poly(AMP- co-AMPA)... 

FIGURE 8.51 Synthesis scheme of water soluble, self-doped, PPy copolymer. (From Yin, W-. ... 

Yin, W., and E. Ruckenstein. 2001. A water-soluble self-doped conducting polypyrrole-based copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 79 86. 

Figure 1.22 The structure of self-doped polypyrrole graft copolymer (Reprinted with permission from Macromolecules, 38, 1044. Copyright (2005) American Chemical Society.)...

J. R. Reynolds, N. S. Sundaresan, M. Pomerantz, S. Basak, C. K. Baker, Self-doped conducting copolymers - a charge and mass-transport study of poly (pyrrole-co-3-(pyrrol-l-yl)propanesulfonate), /oMr dI of Electroanalytical Chemistry 1988, 250, 355. 

W. J. Bae, K. H. Kim, Y. H. Park, W. H. Jo, A novel water-soluble and self-doped conducting polyaniline graft copolymer, Chemical Communications 2003, 2768. 

Figure 2.13 Proposed self-doping aggregation process for self-doped diblock copolymer. (Reproduced from Journal of Polymer Science, 2004, F. Hua, E. J. Ruckenstein, 42, 2179, reprinted with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

In a subsequent study, Ruckenstein etal. prepared densely grafted copolymer poly(aniline-2-sulfonic acid-co-aniline) [114]. Water solubility of the copolymer increased with the molar ratio of aniline-2-sulfonic acid to aniline in the polymerization mixture. Also, in this study it was suggested that aggregation occurred due to intramolecular and intermolecular self-doping of the copolymer poly(aniline-2-sulfonic... 

Apart from chemical synthesis, electrochemical synthesis is a versatile method for the preparation of self-doped sulfonated polyaniline in both soluble forms and thin films deposited on an electrode surface. Electropolymerization of sulfonated polyaniline homopolymers and copolymers has been carried out in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Similar to chemical synthesis, electrochemically controlled electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions are also reported. 

In addition to sulfonic acid groups, carboxylic acid groups as ring substituents results in self-doping of polyaniline and influence properties such as solubility, pH dependent redox activity, conductivity, thermal stability, etc. Sulfonated polyanilines are typically obtained by postpolymerization modifications such as electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions. However, carboxylic-acid-functionalized polyanilines are typically synthesized directly by chemical and electrochemical polymerization of monomer in the form of homopolymer or copolymer with aniline. In contrast to sulfonated polyaniline, very few monomers are available for the synthesis of carboxyl acid functionalized polyaniline. Anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid) is an important monomer and is often used for the synthesis of carboxyl acid functionalized polyanilines. 

Chan et al. [188] first prepared the homopolymer of anthranilic acid and its copolymer with aniline by chemical polymerization in order to improve the solubility of polyaniline, to study the self-doping mechanism, and to evaluate thermal properties. The chemical polymerization of anthranilic acid was carried out using ammonium persulfate as the oxidant in the presence and absence of 1 M HCl. Copolymers of anthranilic acid and aniline were prepared in a similar manner by varying the monomer feed ratios in HCl at a pH of about 0.1. The... 

---