High-efficiency polymers

H Spreitzer, H Becker, E Kluge, W Kreuder, H Schenk, R Demandt, and H Schoo, Soluble phenyl-substituted PPVs — new materials for highly efficient polymer LEDs, Adv. Mater., 10 1340-1343, 1998. 

X Gong, JC Ostrowski, MR Robinson, D Moses, GC Bazan, and AJ Heeger, High-efficiency polymer-based electrophosphorescent devices, Adv. Mater., 14 581-585, 2002. 

Y-H. Niu, J. Huang, and Y. Cao, High-efficiency polymer light-emitting diodes with stable saturated red emission use of carbazole-based copolymer blends in a poly(p-phenylene vinylene) derivative, Adv. Mater., 15 807-811, 2003. 

G He, S Chang, F Chen, Y Li, and Y Yang, Highly efficient polymer light-emitting devices using a phosphorescent sensitizer, Appl. Phys. Lett., 81 1509-1511, 2002. 

G.L. Frey, K.J. Reynolds, R.H. Friend, H. Cohen, and Y. Feldman, Solution-processed anodes from layer-structure materials for high efficiency polymer light-emitting diodes, Am. Chem. Soc., 125 5998-6007, 2003. 

The synthesis of block copolymers with blocks of ultralow cohesion energy densities on the basis of polystyrene-6-polybutadiene via two highly efficient polymer analogous reactions has been presented. 

Jung JW, Lee JU, Jo WH (2009) High-efficiency polymer solar cells with water-soluble and self-doped conducting polyaniline graft copolymer as hole transport layer. J Phys Chem C 114 633... 

Polymers Enable New Display Technologies with PLEDs/May Hold Key to High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells (PV)... 

Lee. T. W. Lee. H. C. Park. O. O. (2002). High-efficiency polymer hght-emitting devices using organic salts A multilayer structure to improve light-emitting electrochemical cells. Applied Physics Letters, vol. 81, no. 2, 214-7. 

Highly efficient polymer light-emitting devices using ambipolar phosphorescent polymers. Applied Physics Letters, vol. 86, no. 10,103507-9. 

Slooff LH, Veenstra SC, Kroon JM, Moet DJD, Sweelssen J, Koetse MM (2007) Determining the internal quantum efficiency of highly efficient polymer solar cells through optical modeling. Appl Phys Lett 90 143506... 

A second problem is that the formation of defects that lower the emission efficiency is intrinsic in the polymerization process due to nonregular coupling of the quinodimethane intermediates, as illustrated in Scheme 6.5 for the Gilch synthesis. This has been demonstrated by NMR studies on a 13C-labelled PPV derivative, in which the ethyne and ethane moieties could be detected in 1.5-2.2% amount [38-40], By appropriate choice of substituents the levels of these defects can be minimized to obtain high-efficiency polymers [41]. 

Over the last two decades, SPE has become a powerful alternative to the above methods because of its simplicity, flexibility, high efficiency and throughput, possibility of automation [214], and a relatively low laboratory cost. SPE owes its advanced evolution to the emergence on the world market of highly efficient polymer adsorbing materials, including hypercrosslinked sorbents, for pre-concentration of nonpolar and polar organic... 

Routes toward High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells... 

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