Copolymers, amine containing

Tertiary Amine-Containing Copolymers. Copolymers based on DMAEMA (dimethylarninoethyl methacrylate) in either free amine form or quatemized with diethyl sulfate or methyl chloride have achieved commercial significance as fixatives in hair-styling formulations, especially in the weU-pubhcized "mousses" or as hair-conditioning shampoo additives. This success has occurred because the cationic charge affords substantive resins that strongly adhere to the hair (141). 

The double bond of maleic anhydride may undergo free radical polymerization with the proper initiator. Polymers of maleic anhydride (or copolymers made with another monomer) are commercially available (Polysciences). They consist of a linear hydrocarbon backbone (formed from the polymerization of the vinyl groups) with cyclic anhydrides repeating along the chain. Such polymers are highly reactive toward amine-containing molecules. 

When using a suitable type I photoinitiator, e.g., acylphosphine oxides and non-amine-containing acetophenones in this system, the polymerization process is very efficient and the resulting product is a 1 1 alternating copolymer. This system is susceptible to oxygen inhibition, but to a much lesser extent than acrylate polymerization. An important advantage of this system is its low toxicity. Typical components include a variety of vinyl ethers and unsaturated esters, such as maleate, fumarate, citra-conate, imides (maleimides), or N-vinylformamides. The system is also... 

There are, however, other possible routes to block copolymers successive addition of units of the reactive monomer to the polymer already present, Reaction 5 termination reactions between polymer molecules —side reactions of unknown nature lead to loss of reactive hydroxyl groups (18) possible reactions are ortho carbon-carbon coupling followed by dimerization, addition of amine or water to the ketal intermediate, etc. Block copolymers might even be formed by polymer-polymer redistribution assuming that such redistribution in polymers of greatly different reactivities (such as DMP and DPP), takes place almost exclusively in one type of polymer sequence—that is, that bond scission in a "mixed ketal such as IV occurs always in the same direction—to produce the aryloxy radical corresponding to the more reactive monomer. None of these possible sources of block copolymer can be ruled out on the basis of available evidence. All could produce homopolymer in addition to block copolymer. All of the polymers produced in this work, except for those characterized as completely random copolymers, probably contained at least small amount of one or both homopolymers. 

With the aim of improving the photoinitiation activity of benzophenone/tertiary amine containing polymers, new polymeric systems having flexible spacers of different length inserted between the above side-chain functional groups and the backbone, have been proposed [22]. Indeed, copolymers of ABP, VBP... 

Nitrosoamines or nitrasamines are derivatives of amines, containing V-nitroso groups ( N—N=0)- Typically, a nitrosamine is formed by the reaction of an amine with a nitrite. These substances are also produced by the action of nitrate-reducing bacteria. Nitrosoamines occur in trace quantities in tobacco smoke, processed food, meat products, and salted fish. Many nitrosoamines are used as gasoline and lubricant additives, antioxidants, stabilizers, and softeners for copolymers. These compounds are noncombustible liquids or solids at ambient temperature. The hazardous properties of nitrosoamines are different from those of their parent aliphatic or aromatic amines. 

The synthesis of a novel, primary amine containing, DHBC has been described by Liu and coworkers [31]. The synthesis of the amine-containing monomer was performed by a two step click reaction. The preparation of the block copolymer, namely poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-1 -(3 -aminopropyl)-4-acrylamido-1,2,3 -triazole hydrochloride)... 

PEI-PPS blends have also been compatibilized through copolymer fonnaticHi between amine-containing PEI and PPS in the presence of a multifunctional... 

Dharmarajan et al. (1995) have prepared compatibilized blends of PP/styrene copolymer with or without functionalized PO. Blends of 100-0 parts PP, 0-100 parts SMA, 0-15 parts EP-g-(primary amine) (0.3 mol% amine), and 0-5 parts PP-(secondary amine) (0.4 wt% amine) were combined in an internal mixer at 220 C. Blends were characterized by FTIR, DMTA, TEM, rheology, mechanical properties, lap shear adhesion, and paint adhesion. Properties were compared for blends containing either of the two amine-functionalized polymers alone. Reaction of EP-g-(primary amine) with SMA should result in a cross-linked copolymer because EP-g-(primary amine) contains randomly distributed amine functionality in the backbone. The secondary amine-terminated PP was prepared by first extruding PP with MA to form predominantly anhydride-terminated PP, followed by extrusion with N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine to give the secondary amine-terminated PP through reaction of... 

Tertiary Amine-Containing Copoiymers. Copolymers based on dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) in either free-amine form or... 

Poly(meth)acrylamido Cationics. (Meth)acrylamido species are one of the most important commercial class of water-soluble monomers with wide-ranging applications. Cationic polyacrylamides are most often prepared by the normal free radical polymerization of the amine-containing monomer, and then most often in a copolymerization. For example, the protonated form of 9C and the monomer IOC are both readily copolymerized with 28C to yield high molecular weight statistical copolymers in which the molar composition is virtually identical to the feed composition (184,185). 

Homo and copolymers comprised of amine-containing styrenic monomers have also been reported by controlled free radical polymerization techniques. Both NMP and RAFT have been employed with varying degrees of success. For example, 20C was block copolymerized with sodium 4-styrenesulfonate which was... 

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