Cooling towers tower characteristic

FIG. 12-13 Nomograph of cooling-tower characteristics. [Wood and Betts, Engineer, 189(4912), 337 (1950).]... 

Figure 12.13 illustrates severe damage suffered by a component of a cooling tower water pump. The jagged, undercut, spongelike metal loss characteristic of cavitation damage is apparent in Fig. 12.14. All damage occurred along the inner curvature of the specimen.

Cooling in the crossflow mode requires an incremental trial and error technique, best suited to computer analysis. The tower characteristic KaV/L can then be plotted against varying L/G ratios, and this gives a measure of the ability of the packing to effect the transfer (Figure 34.18). 

Characteristics of raw makeup and cooling tower waters, temperatures, maximum allowable temperature, flow rates available, and unit costs. 

The main types of cooling towers are represented on Figure 9.18. Their chief characteristics and some pros and cons will be discussed in order. 

Cooling towers are classified according to the method by which air is introduced to the tower. The principal types are atmospheric spray, natural-draft, mechanical-draft, deck-filled, spray-filled, coil shed and hyperbolic towers. Most industrial cooling tower installations are field-erected units designed for specific thermal characteristics. 

Table 4.1 Comparison Between Characteristics of Mechanical- and Natural-Draft Cooling Towers...

The selection of the cooling range depends on process characteristics and requirements, as well as the type of cooling tower under consideration. In general, cooling ranges are divided into three categories ... 

Cooling tower characteristics can only be deduced from actual field tests. Tower characteristics are generally presented in the form of an empirical correlation. This correlation defines the relationship between the available... 

In the first design, a small L G ratio must be used. Since G cannot be increased beyond certain limitations (because of economics), L should be small. Experiments on cooling towers have indicated that their characteristics break sharply when L approaches a critical point varying with design. The... 

For example, a cooling tower with water containing four times as much total dissolved solids as its makeup supply would be operating at four cycles of concentration. The cycles of concentration are determined by the cooling tower design, water characteristics, operating conditions and the type of treatment system employed (cooling tower water treatment is discussed in detail in Chapter 8). 

Unfortunately, there are no commonly accepted standard procedures for securing reliable corrosion data. Any data collected from any test methods will have value only if they can be interpreted properly. Many corrosion environments can vary widely from day to day and even from hour to hour. Even slight variations in operating procedures can drastically affect the corrosion characteristics of the cooling tower. Therefore, it is important to establish methods on how the corrosion data are to be accumulated, evaluated and put to use. 

Scaling Characteristics of Cooling Tower Water Lee, S. H. Knudsen, J. G. 

Cross Wind and Internal Flow Characteristics of Dry Cooling Towers Russell, C. M. B. McChesney, H. R. Holder, D. W. Jones, T. V., Verlinden, M. 

Under certain conditions, the exhaust air of conventional mechanical draft cooling towers may form a fog plume, causing visibility and icing problems to highways and equipment. In cases where this cannot be tolerated, a combination wet/dry cooling tower is shown to be effective fog plume control method. The paper describes the basic phenomena of cooling tower fog formation. The operation and performance characteristics of the wet/dry tower are discussed as well as a method of select wet/dry design criteria. 11 refs, cited. 

Dry Cooling Tower Power Plant Design Specifications and Performance Characteristics... 

The paper compares wet, dry and wet and dry cooling towers on the basis of their performance and costs. Design factors involving heat transfer characteristics wet bulb temperature effect, fans and stack, etc, are evaluated. 

Resistance Characteristics of Natural Draft Cooling Towers... 

The Characteristics of Cooling Towers with Natural and Mechanical Draft... 

Reclaimed water with the chemical characteristics given in the table is being considered for use as makeup water for a cooling tower. Calculate the composition of the blowdown flow if five cycles of concentration are to be used. Assume that the temperature of the hot water entering the cooling tower is 50°C (120°F) and the solubility of CaSCTt is about 2200 mg/L as CaCC>3 at this temperature. 

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