Cooling duration

Stirring was initiated, and the autoclave was heated to 400°C which required 90 minutes for E10 and 100 minutes for El9. The temperature was maintained at 400°C for 1 hour, then lowered to room temperature. The cooling duration to 300°C was 5 minutes for E10 and 40 minutes for El9. Stirring was terminated at room temperature. Gaseous products were removed for analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The reaction products were distilled at reduced pressure to remove the spent donor solvent mixture, and the remaining coal products were solvent fractionated. 

Study Year Species Depth of cooling Duration of cooling Outcome... 

The basic control strategy chosen is to adjust the cooling duration (within each cycle) based upon the measured values (provided hy the TCS). In order to make the system usable in as many situations as possible, flexibility has been provided to allow the user to configure numerous variants of this basic strategy. Regarding the cooling duration two cases can be handled ... 

View the current cooling duration (cooling off minus cooling on) in machine degrees... 

Because chloroprene is a flammable, polymerisable Hquid with significant toxicity, it must be handled with care even in the laboratory. In commercial quantities, precaution must be taken against temperature rise from dimerisation and polymerisation and possible accumulation of explosive vapor concentrations. Storage vessels for inhibited monomer require adequate cooling capacity and vessel pressure rehef faciUties, with care that the latter are free of polymer deposits. When transportation of monomer is required, it is loaded cold (< — 10° C) into sealed, insulated vessels with careful monitoring of loading and arrival temperature and duration of transit. 

For motors with a short-time rating, the duration of the test should correspond to the specified short-time rating. At the end of the test the specified temperature rise limits should not exceed. At the beginning of the test, the temperature of the motor should be within 5°C of that of the cooling air. 

The cooling air temperature should be measured by several thermometers placed it different points around and halfway tip the motor, at a distance of 1-2 m and protected from heat radiation and dratights. The value to be adopted for the temperature of the cooling air or gas during a test should be the mean of the readings of the thermometers placed as mentioned above, taken at eqtial time intervals during the last quarter of the duration of the test. 

Nonyl aldehyde (32.66 g, 0.23 mol) and furan (200 mL, 187.2 g, 2.75 mol) were mixed in a 250-mL photolysis flask equipped with a quartz immersion well containing a Vycor filter and a 450-W Hanovia Lamp. The system was kept at -20° C with an isopropyl alcohol bath cooled by a Cryocool Immersion Cooler (CClOO). Nitrogen was bubbled throughout the duration of the reaction, and the solution was stirred vigorously. Additional furan (150 mL, 140.4 g, 2.06 mol) was added during the course of the reaction. TLC analysis indicated completion of the reaction after 20 h. After evaporation of excess furan and NMR analysis of the resultant oil (48.70 g, ca. 100%) indicated the desired photoadduct had been formed, without contamination from unreacted nonyl aldehyde. 

Temperature extremes of cooling water for condenser and duration of time for these temperatures. 

Load factor is particularly important with air-cooled machines where sustained full-load operation results in an early build-up of deposits on valves and other parts. This build-up increases the frequency of maintenance required to maintain compressor reliability. Intermittent operation is always recommended for these units. The frequency and duration of unloaded operation depends on the type, size, operating pressure of the compressor. Air-cooled compressors for higher than 200-psig-pressure application are usually rated by a rule that states that the compressing time shall not exceed 30 minutes or less than 10 minutes. Shutdown or unloaded time should be at least equal to compression time or 50 per cent. 

Time, pressure, and temperature controls indicate whether the performance requirements of a molded product are being met. The time factors include the rate of injection, duration of ram pressure, time of cooling, time of piastication, and screw RPM. Pressure requirement factors relate to injection high and low pressure cycles, back pressure on the extruder screw, and pressure loss before the plastic enters the cavity which can be caused by a variety of restrictions in the mold. The temperature control factors are in the mold (cavity and core), barrel, and nozzle, as well as the melt temperature from back pressure, screw speed, frictional heat, and so on in the plasticator. 

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