Cooled storage

Maturation regimes vary from as tittle change as possible in many white and pink wines (stainless steel tanks, cool storage, minimum time) to considerable modification in red table and a few white table wines. Fermentation and storage in fairly new 200-L barrels for about 6 mo is not uncommon for Chardoimay and white Burgundy wines. Many robust red table wines such as those from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes are often stored similarly, after fermentation and initial clarification, for up to about 3 yr in such barrels. 

Electric Power Research Institute. (1987). Commercial Cool Storage Design Guide. Washington Hemisphere Pub. Corp. 

Mori, T. Mori, Y.H. (1989a). Characterization of gas hydrate formation in direct-contact cool storage process. Int. J. Refrigeration, 12 (5), 259-265. 

Temes, M.P. (1984). Characterization of refrigerant - 12 gas hydrate formation for heat pump cool storage applications. ASME energy sources technology conference,... 

Tomlison, J.J. (1982). Heat pump cool storage in a clathrate of Freon. Proc. 17th Intersoc Energy Conversion Eng. Conf, Vol.4, 2060-2064, New York, USA. 

In yams, an important crop in tropical climates, neither chemical sprout inhibitors nor cool storage are effective for long-term storage. On the other hand, irradiation would provide an effective alternative for postharvest treatment. 

The principle of cool storage was used many years ago when motion picture theaters introduced air-conditioning to the general public. Precooling of the theater prior to opening and during off-peak load hours saved on electricity costs and also cut down on the investment in air-condihomng equipment. 

Fig. 5. District cooling. The basic components of cool storage systems also exist in district cooling systems, which use a central plant to cool nearby buildings. Although some systems of this land are already in use in the United States, they are much more common in Europe. Some authorities believe that district cooling would be a profitable business for many utilities because they could sell cooling while tapping generation capacity that typically goes unused in the off-peak hours. (Electric Power Research Institute)...

Carbajo, J.J., Mixed Clathrates for Cool Storage Applications, ONRL/TM-9530, pp. 1-24 (1985a). 

Ternes, M.P., Results on the Characterization of Gas Hydrate Formation in a Direct Contact Heat Pump Cool Storage System, DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, July (1985). 

Changes that Occur During Cooling, Storage and Distribution... 754... 

The California Wine Association stabilized prices, instituted evaluation of wines as part of wine purchases, established brands by a well-conceived blending program, and instituted chemical control of all of their wines. There were still several important independent wine producers and merchants but the technological and financial skills of the California Wine Association prevailed. One of their most important contributions was the Winehaven Winery in Richmond. This 12-million-gallon winery provided cool storage... 

Malo-Lactic Fermentation. The bacterial conversion of malic acid to lactic acid usually does not occur in North Coast white wines because of low pH, high S02, and cool storage temperatures, factors that inhibit lactic acid bacteria activity. Some work has been done in the North Coast with malo-lactic fermentation in Chardonnay, following the traditional practices in Burgundy. Factors used to encourage experimental malo-lactic fermentation in white wines have been bacterial inoculation, warmer (18°-21° C) fermentation temperatures, prolonged lees contact, and low free-S02 levels until fermentation is complete. 

The bath was turned on the day before the experiments. The equilibrium cell and all the lines were first evacuated. Then, the liquid heavy component was loaded from a scaled glass tank above valve V7. Carbon dioxide was finally pumped into the cell from a cooled storage unit through valves VI and V3 until the desired level of pressure was attained. The pressure was measured by a Data Instruments pressure tranducer model AB (range 5000 psi) with an accuracy of 0.1 bar. The temperature inside the cell was measured by a thermoresistance sensor (PT100Q) within + 0.1 °C. 

---