Controlling earthquake

Seismic hazard analysis which involves collection of seismicity and seismotectonic of the region, selection of predictive relationship to arrive at controlling earthquake... 

Selection of the controlling earthquake, which is expected to produce the maximum PGA. 

The acceleration time history at the surface for the site considered is obtained from the recorded ground motion data considering similar magnitude, distance and frequency content of the controlling earthquake. The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake accelerogram is adopted and is scaled to the required PGA. Deconvolution analysis was performed to obtain the acceleration time history at base (60m depth). 

Khazai, B. and Sitar, N. 2004. Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events. Engineering Geology, 71, 79-95. 

Singh, M. P, Moreschi, L. M. (2002). Optimal placementofdampersforpassive response control. Earthquake Engineering Structural Dynamics, 31, 955-976. doi 10.1002/eqe.l32... 

Regarding natural disasters, there are processes that at times cannot be controlled (earthquakes, flooding, volcano eruptions, etc.), and eventually cause major human and material loss. 

Acoustic foremnners appear as ground vibrations in the range from 0,1 to 50 Hz with the amplitudes from 10 to 10 m (dynamic range is 160 dB). To control these parameters a large number of earthquake-shock recorders based on different principle of operation are manufactured... 

Our present discussions relate only to the laboratory testing of safety-related secondary systems, as are employed in critical areas such as areas of emergency power supply and reactor power control supply etc. of a nuclear power plant (NPP) according to IEEE 344 and lEC 60980. There are other codes also but IEEE 344 is referred to more commonly. Basically, all such codes are meant for an NPP but they can be applied to other critical applications or installations that are prone to earthquakes. 

Another definition of an evaluation-case event is "that incident outcome for which an engineered solution or a management system solution could be found that would reasonably prevent its occurrence," or more simply put, an event that could be preventable. All human-caused accidents and the consequences of some natural occurrences (earthquake, wind, waves) can be defined as preventable. However, we are only interested in events where engineering and management system parameters could have prevented the accident provided they are within reasonable control of plant personnel. 

Before the first World Trade Center bombing in 1993 and the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, emergency incidents were primarily or generally thought to be caused by natural or accidental events. Examples of natural phenomena (events) include wildfires, flash floods, earthquakes, active volcanoes, droughts, and storms. These natural events are not entirely predictable, and they cannot yet be controlled or prevented (Meyer 2004). 

After the Athens earthquake in 1981 there was a marked increase in deaths due to heart attacks over a period of five days after the quake on the day of the earthquake in Los Angeles, there was an increase in heart attacks. In the first few days after the Iraqi missile attacks on Israel in 1991, there was a sharp increase in heart attacks in Israel compared with control periods. The psychological stress caused by these sudden disasters could have raised the blood fatty acid levels above the safe level in some subjects which could have increased the risk of a heart attack. 

The occurrence of earthquakes is a highly studied phenomena by geologists. The role of solid surfaces in such phenomena is obvious. Especially, faults are known to contribute to many earthquakes. Faults are treated as shear cracks, the propagation of which may be understood through the application of fracture mechanics. The stability of any fault movement, which determines whether the faulting is seismic or aseismic, is determined by the frictional constitutive law of the fault surface. It is well established that, once a fault has been formed, its further motion is controlled by friction (between the solid surfaces), which arises from contact forces across the two solid surfaces. 

The use of salivary assessments has helped supply data in studies of children and adolescents, for whom even a blood draw may be too invasive, and also helped in our evaluation of longitudinal outcomes. King et al. (2001) observed significantly low cortisol levels in children aged 5-7 years who had been sexually abused compared to control subjects. Goenjian et al. (1996) demonstrated a relationship between low sahvary cortisol levels and PTSD symptoms in adolescents exposed to the Armenian earthquake. However, both lipschitz et al. (2003) and Carrion et al. (2002) failed to note differences in salivary cortisol levels at basehne in multiply traumatized adolescents. 

The next day, I phoned in my needs to Richmond and was assured that when I got there the volume I needed would be immediately available at noon as I had asked. I made two errors in navigation in my search for the Richmond Agricultural Field Station, and located the Earthquake Research Library first. But I was met with total courtesy and was supplied with improved directions. It turned out that the field library had a Xerox machine than needed nickels, and I happened to have a pile of nickels. And I now have my recipe for the nitration of piperonal firmly in hand. But I also got a feeling that the priorities of those who needed to use reference libraries might be in conflict with the priorities of those who controlled these reference libraries. 

In the past only two nuclear accidents (Three Mile Island and Chernobyl) were widely reported, while over 100 went unreported. These other accident were not caused by only earthquakes, design errors or terrorist acts, but more recently also by software virus attacks through the Internet. For example, on January 25, 2003 a Slammer worm penetrated the private computer network of Ohio s Davis-Besse nuclear power plant, and stopped its control computer. The only reason a meltdown did not result is because the plant was not in operation. 

Section 3 - Environmental Aspects. An environmental impact statement is needed. This will include a list or diagram showing all effluents and wastes (including packaging), and a description of how they will be disposed of, controlled and monitored. A check is also made on whether special mechanisms could result in loss of containment and environmental damage (such as earthquake, flood, wind, storm, fire and fire water run-off). 

The December 26,2004, earthquake off of the northwest coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, triggered a tsunami that killed an estimated 230,000 persons in India, Indonesia, the Maldives, Somalia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2006). This earthquake was followed by a second on March 28, 2005. International relief measures were evaluated at 7 months after the tsunami and 3 months after the second earthquake. Among published reports about the tsunami, no specific breakout of morbidity and mortality between children and adults in any of the affected geographic areas was found. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2006). Assessment of health-related needs after tsunami and earthquake—three districts, Aceh Province, Indonesia, July-August, 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 55(4), 93-97. 

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