Contingency/determinism

Resolution Allowance Criteria Escalation Contingency Determination... 

Because most fuel ethanol manufactured ia the United States is made from com, price plays a cmcial role ia determining the competitive position of ethanol ia an open market. With com priced at about 2.50/bu, the embedded feedstock cost of product ethanol is about 0.14—0.23/L ( 0.52—0.87 gal), depending on over-all yield and by-products ignored (125). Euel ethanol plants may have contingency plans to close if com prices rise to a certain level, eg, 3.50/bu or above (126). 

Land. At this point, it should be possible to determine how much land will be required. Do not forget to include things like holding ponds, environmental buffer area, camp facilities, and rights of way or easements. It may be well to allow some contingency in initial cost estimates for land requirement increases, as more definitive design information becomes available. 

Other Utihties - Failure of other uOhties, such as inert gas to seals and pinge systems, or compressed air (when used by the process) may in some cases determine pressure relief requirements. These cases are evaluated on a single contingency failure basis similar to the above. 

The required relieving rate for a pressure relief valve is determined from consideration of the contingencies which can cause overpressure. Basic... 

The "critical condition" in the specification sheet is entered as the contingency which determines the valve size, i.e., fire or operating failure. 

The single contingency which results in the largest vapor load regardless of any associated liquid load, is used to determine the maximum required vapor space C-F, and a high level alarm is placed at point C. 

An EPA contractor has prepared a draft remedial action master plan (RAMP) for the Mead site. The contractor recommends further exploration to determine if any undiscovered potliner piles exist and also further geological studies. This recommendation is contingent on cost versus benefit of the action. 

Failure to consider appropriate challenges when determining the required relief capacity (e.g., maximum rates of liquid withdrawal or cooling of vessel contents). Credible contingencies (e.g., thunderstorm cooling a vessel during steam-out) should be considered. 

The test is repeated for all identifiable effects and for a number of different rates of exposure. Standard 2x2 contingency tables(2 ) are used to determine the odds of observing the bioassay outcome if the null hypothesis is true using Fisher s exact test. For all adverse effects, including cancer, the first rule of the strategy for deciding whether a substance is toxic is to ... 

Determination of the crack tip debond stress, ae, at a debond length, , is contingent to the condition that the fiber axial strain is equivalent to the matrix axial strain at the boundary between the bonded and debonded regions (i.e. duf z)/dz — diP a,z)/dz at z = (L — )). Within the debonded region, the matrix axial strain at the interface is greater than the fiber axial strain due to the relative slip between fiber and matrix. Therefore, combining Eqs. (4.8), (4.9) and (4.61) at the boundary, is obtained from... 

Is the pathway that goes from inanimate to animate matter determined by the laws of physics and chemistry Or is it due to a unique event resulhng from the contingent parameters operating in a particular time/space situation - something that in the old nomenclature would be called chance ... 

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