Syringe, contaminated

As with all pharmaceutical preparations, radiopharmaceuticals should undergo a visual examination. The examination should take into account radiation protection issues for the operator and be conducted as quickly as possible with the preparation behind suitable shielding. Vials should be examined for insecure closures, cracks, glass particles in the liquid, and particulate contamination. Syringes should also be examined for particulate contamination. 

Inlets for syringe sampling are divided kito two main categories one for packed-column and the other for capiHary-column devices. Eor packed columns, all material kijected is carried by the mobile phase onto the column. The inlet is usually an open tube, but sometimes, albeit rarely, the inlet itself may be packed, eg, to assure that the first centimeters of the column do not become contaminated with degradation products or nonvolatile materials that may affect the efficacy of the column. 

If a drybox is not available, the preparation can also be carried out by use of a dry, unreactive solvent (typically an alkane) as a blanket against hydrolysis. This has been suggested in the patent literature as a method for the large-scale industrial preparation of Eewis acid-based ionic liquids, as the solvent also acts as a heat-sink for the exothermic complexation reaction [28]. At the end of the reaction, the ionic liquid forms an immiscible layer beneath the protecting solvent. The ionic liquid may then either be removed by syringe, or else the solvent may be removed by distillation before use. In the former case it is likely that the ionic liquid will be contaminated with traces of the organic solvent, however. 

True. Used needles and syringes are likely to be contaminated with traces of the blood of the user. This blood may carry harmful bacteria or viruses. 

Figure 1.158. Rare earth elements in vent fluids from the East Pacific Rise (redrawn from Michard and Albarede, 1986). The Sm values for the 1984 13 N set are thought to be somewhat too high because of contamination from the sampling syringes. Data for basalt from 13°N East Pacific Rise are from Michard et al. (1983) (Scott, 1997).

The method above, however, is not suitable when one needs a precise study of the vertical distribution of pesticides. Generally, the concentration of pesticides in paddy sediment is highest at the surface. Special care is required to avoid contamination with surface soil when the sediment is collected. The sediment core should be collected in two stages. First, a pipe with a diameter greater than that of the core sampler is inserted in the sediment and then water inside the pipe is removed gently with a syringe, pipet, etc. Next, a layer of surface soil (1-3 cm) is taken with a spatula or a trowel and then subsurface soil is collected with a core sampler to the desired depth see also Figure 4. 

Medical waste has been a growing concern because of recent incidents of public exposure to discarded blood vials, needles (sharps), empty prescription botdes, and syringes. Medical waste can typically include general refuse, human blood and blood products, cultures and stocks of infectious agents, laboratory animal carcasses, contaminated bedding material, and pathological wastes. 

We could also refer to this as reduced sensitivity. The peaks are smaller than expected based on previous observations when equal or greater quantities of a particular sample were injected. Such an observation usually means a problem with injection (less injected than assumed) or a problem with the detector such that a smaller electronic signal is sent to the recorder. One should check for a leaky or plugged syringe, a worn septum, a leak in the pre- and postcolumn connections, or a contaminated detector. Of course,... 

Note To apply a solution of the analyte, the emitter can either be dipped into, or alternatively, a drop of 1-2 pi can be transferred onto the emitter by means of a microliter syringe. [46] The latter method exhibits better reproducibility and avoids contamination of the emitter holders. Special micromanipulators are available to handle the syringe, [15] but a skilled operator with some exercise can accomplish it manually. 

In his work, Penefsky simply used 1 ml Plastipak tuberculin syringes fitted with porous disks cut with a cork borer (0.193 inch inside diameter) from polyethylene sheets (1.5 mm thick, 70 micrometer pore size) available from Bolab, Inc. (Deery, NH). Note The rubberized plungers of most syringes frequently contain lubricants, and these agents may bind to enzymes or they may dissolve and contaminate some enzyme preparations. 

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