Constant demand

The constant demand for products such as Hquid fuels is the main driving force behind the petroleum industry (7,30). In fact, it is the changes in product demand that have been largely responsible for the evolution of the industry. 

The increasing diversity of operations, new materials and processes and the constant demand for improved production efficiency can only be met by various additives and compounding agents being blended into the oil to enhance its performance. Additives tend to be expensive and the selection of enhanced cutting fluid is only justified by overall production economies. 

Meanwhile, the plants making both phosgene and mustard gas went into overdrive. In response to Churchill s constant demands, the output of gas increased markedly. Once manufactured, the gas was stored in underground mines in North Wales. The statistics available show a steady increase and indeed by the middle of 1944 Britain had stockpiled more than five million gas-carrying shells and bombs. In the event, of course, the phosgene and mustard gas were never needed. The RAF stopped the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain and in October 1940 Hitler called off Operation Sealion (the invasion of Britain) and turned his attention to Soviet Russia. 

Whereas worldwide demand for gasoline is expected to remain more or less constant, demand for middle distillates (diesel, kerosene, jet fuel) is expected to increase. Resid cracking to yield gasoline does not always lead to favorable economics. Making middistillates from resid however, may offer interesting opportunities. 

Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.), a biennial plant belonging to the Ona-graceae family, is considered a weed native to North America. It is cultivated in a number of countries on account of the nutritional and pharmaceutical properties of the oil which is in constant demand (Carter, 1988). The oil extracted, referred to as evening primrose oil (EPO), is a good source of GLA. Unlike commercial oilseeds, evening primrose does not produce a high yield of seeds, but is a preferred source of GLA as it does not contain any ALA. 

Many of the gold probes are available commercially. It is reasonably easy to make good quality probes in the laboratory, and the investigator has to consider nonscientific factors, such as time and cost A good compromise is to purchase the reagents that will be in constant demand and make the required quantity of those that are not readily available. 

The introduction of the autoprep and MS-prep systems has proved very successful in providing automated isolation for the vast numbers of synthetic chemistry samples now being produced. Autoprep instruments are now installed in fifteen of the chemistry laboratories within our company (on our site alone) and most see daily use. It is not only synthetic chemistry samples that have been run on these systems, indeed the adoption of these instruments has spread through other departments (e.g. Bio-Metabolism. Pharmacy, etc.) [16,17] as well as other countries. The advantages of the MS-prep system mean that these systems are also in constant demand and see virtual round the clock operation. Aside from standard, unattended purifications they can also be used to provide specific scale-up information (e.g. unequivocal identification of the compound of interest in a scaled-up injection of a crude compound) prior to transferring the method to a standard autoprep system or even a lai er-scale, manual preparative system. The power of both instruments as separative tools increases dramatically in the hands of expert users who have intimate knowledge both of the systems and the capabilities within the software. 

Being major source of xanthotoxin, it has constant demand in pharmaceutical industries and amongst the medicinal plants exported from India (BCIL, 1996). The commercial demand of its raw materials is solely met through indiscriminate harvesting of natural populations. Kaul (1989) estimated that during 1980-85, about 150 tonnes of fresh roots of the plant had been harvested every year from the wild sources in Kashmir Himalaya. 

There is a constant demand for new algorithms, new and improved data visualization techniques, new computing platforms (such as grid computing), and new business models for the industry. 

The Dimersol and SHOP processes demonstrate the commercial viability of homogeneous dligomerization catalysis in the fuels related and speciality chemicals areas. However there is a constant demand for improvement in aspects such as activity, selectivity control, process versatility, simplicity and i nnovativeness. 

This form of the dissipation equation indicates a little more explicitly how additional energy (more input current for a given input voltage) is pushed into the input terminals of the power supply by the applied dc source — to compensate for the wasted energy inside the power supply — even as the converter continues to provide the useful energy Po being constantly demanded by the load. 

In the last few years gas combustion technology has undergone important innovations especially in residential heating appliances. In particular, requirements on low emissions together with load modulation has led to the use of premixed combustion technologies besides traditional diffusive flames. Constant demand for smaller overall dimensions and cost optimization has led to design combustion chambers with higher combustion intensity and this has led to premixed surface burners, then to radiant burners, and then to metallic mat burners in particular. With the metallic mat combustion flame front stabilizes above a metallic mat and at specific power loads is located inside. It differs from porous matrix combustion where combustion takes place inside a solid. 

The purification process of proteins in biological fluids governs the production cost of the proteins in pharmaceutical and food industries. Therefore, there is a constant demand for highly efficient recovery of... 

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