Consensus method

The SBASE database is a collection of annotated protein sequence segments (Murvai et al., 1999). SBASE avoids using consensus methods such as profile-HMMs and uses pairwise methods to detect domains. The database includes more than 130,000 annotated sequence segments that have been clustered into groups on the basis of BLAST similarities. SBASE currently contains 1038 domain families. 

Compilation of Water Quality Standards for Marine Waters 910992029 Consensus Method for Determining Groundwaters under the Direct Influence of Surface Water Using Microscopic Particulate Analysis (MPA)... 

The standardized testing methods play a central role in the EU policy on chemicals control and they are referred to in many other pieces of EU legislation (e.g., those related to dangerous preparations, pesticides, cosmetics, and biocides also refer to these methods). The methods are based on those recognized and recommended by competent international bodies, in particular OECD (Section 2.2). When such methods were not available, national standards or scientific consensus methods have been adopted. 

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Annual Book of Standards is another important source of consensus methods used in environmental project work. 

Waterman, M. S. Jones, R. (1990). Consensus methods for DNA and protein sequence alignment. Methods Enzymol 183,221-37. 

The key residues that are important for the stability of protein stmctures have been delineated from a consensus approach (20). This method includes the concept of long-range interactions, hydrophobicity, and conservation of amino acid residues in homologous sequences. It shows good agreement with experimental thermodynamic data of globular proteins, and the consensus method could be used to identify potential candidates for protein engineering. 

Animal testing to determine irritant properties and thresholds has become standard. A consensus method, American Society for Testing and Materials E, is widely regarded as the basis. This method has been used to develop structure-activity relationships, to demonstrate that more than one irritant receptor may exist in the trigeminal nerve, and to explore the interaction of multiple exposures. Recently, it has been used to demonstrate the irritating properties of office equipment offgassing. 

It should not be assumed that one method exists for each of these tests. In many cases subtle differences exist between protocols that are both acceptable. Table 4.10 compares two methods, one being the ASTM consensus method and... 

As of this writing, no ASTM or comparable consensus method exists for this larger microcosm system this is due to the relative newness of the methodology. The publication Aquatic Mesocosm Studies in Ecological Risk Assessment (Graney et al. 1994) does review and discuss the system typically used for the purposes of pesticide registration. 

Alternatively, multiple models can be developed using different sets of descriptors [57], One popular decision tree (DT) consensus method, called Random Forests, has recently demonstrated improved performance over bagging [58], The DT method determines a chemical s activity through a... 

Reference or standard consensus methods methods developed by organisations that use interlaboratory studies to validate them (ISO, CEN, AOAC, DIN, BSI, AFNOR etc.). Their development leads to a known and stated precision or accuracy. 

If time and resources allow, the nonquantitative consensus method of estimating, called conference estimating, can be used. The more pertinent knowledge that can be obtained from various sources... 

While molecular similarity has no doubt played and will continne to play an important role in drug research and to a lesser extent other chanical-oriented fields, it is not without its issues. Primary among them is the sensitivity of similarity measures to the representation and similarity function nsed—as is well known, different measures tend to yield different similarity values. Such differences can radically transform chemical spaces so that nearest neighbors in one space are no longer nearest neighbors in another space [40,41]. This behavior has significant consequences for many of the research activities such as LEVS that typically employs similarity methods. To counter this deficiency, a variety of methods have been developed based on combining, in some fashion, the results from multiple similarity procedures. These methods, typically called fusion or consensus methods, have led to some improvements and are discussed in Section 15.5.3. 

An issue that comes into both similarity fnsion and consensus methods is the independence of the different similarity measnres employed in a given procedure. This issue also occurs in activity landscape modeling (see Section 15.6.1) when fnsion or related methods are used to estimate molecular similarities [144, 146]. In snch cases, the qnestion typically arises when two methods produce highly correlated values as to whether the set of values from one of them should be removed from the fusion process. The answer seems to be yes, althongh most of the time in cheminfor-matics it is ignored. But should it be ... 

A different anti-IgE antibody, E25, was also humanized (53,87) and is currently in clinical trials (88-93). For this humanization, the consensus method... 

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