Connective tissue table

Some inherited disorders of connective tissue (Table 3.2) can present with, or be complicated by, arterial dissection or even rupture, intra- and extracranial aneurysm formation. 

The cells and components of vascularized connective tissue (Table 2.2) are involved in the inflammatory and wound healing responses. Thus, injury to soft tissues involves the specific types of cells which constitute the organ or tissue as well as the cells and components of vascularized connective tissue. Vascularized connective tissue can be viewed as the general network which holds together specific cell types in unique three-dimensional patterns to constitute organs or tissues. 

By constricting the vascular bed, such coadministered vasoactive excipients as epinephrine can reduce the rate of uptake from the SC sites (4a). By contrast, the excipient hyaluronidase breaks down the interstitial barrier by lysing hyaluronic acid, a polysaccharide that helps form the intercellular ground substance of connective tissue (4b). This in effect spreads the injected drug solution over a larger area of connective tissue, increasing the absorption surface, and thereby increasing both the volume that can normally be injected SC (Table 1) and the rate of uptake (6). 

Table 1. Adhesion of synthetic polymers to connective tissue under the effect of benzoyl chloride...

Well-known products include wound dressing, temporary skin, and connective-tissue replacement (BioFill , Gengiflex ) [7]. Numerous groups are working on these applications and investigating the healing effect of this external BC material (Table 2). 

Within recent years, there has been increasing evidence that mucosal (intestinal) mast cells (MMC) differ in a number of fundamental respects from peritoneal (connective tissue) mast cells (PMC) (55). These differences are summarised briefly in Table 11.2. 

Table 1.1. Location and composition of connective tissue components...

All of these structures have an epithelial lining that lies at the interface as well as extracellular matrix including basement membranes and loose connective tissue that supports the cellular layers (Table 3.2). These tissues are similar in their general structure they all have an inner cellular layer, supportive connective tissue, and an outer cellular layer. It is important to be familiar with the structure of these tissues to be able to analyze how external and internal mechanical forces are transduced at both the macroscopic and microscopic level into and out of cells. The effect of mechanical loading on these tissues is complex, but as discussed above, with increased frictional forces on the epidermis, the surface layer of skin actually increases the thickness of the epidermis. 

Table 4.1. Intrinsic viscosity of connective tissue macromolecules reproduced from Silver, 1987...

Table 4.2. Determination of weight average molecular weight and particle scattering factor by light scattering for connective tissue macromolecules reproduced...

Table 8.1. Elastic moduli for collagen in connective tissue...

Table 5.1. Approximate Composition of Connective Tissues (% of Dry Weight )...

Collagen is the major insoluble fibrous protein in the extracellular matrix and in connective tissue 80-90% of the collagen in the body consists of types 1, It and 111 (Table 12.2). The collagen superfamily consists of at least 20 collagen types, with as many as 38 distinct polypeptide chains and more than 15 additional proteins that have collagen-like domains. 

The development of collagen and elastin in connective tissue is influenced by sex and by hormones. McGavack and Kao (1960) examined tissues from the tail tendon, aorta, skin, uterus, lung, muscle, and heart of male and female Wistar-strain rats age 3-5 weeks, 8 months, and 2 years. Insoluble collagen increased with age in the tail tendon, aorta, skin, and abdominal muscle of both male and female rats, in the lower leg muscle of the male, and in the uterus. In the tendon and skin of females, this value continued to rise up to 2 years of age. In th< aorta, tendon, and skin of the males it reached a plateau at 8 months of age. An increase in elastin with age was found in the tail tendon of both sexes, and more elastin was found in male than in female rats at 8 months of age. The results of this work are given in a valuable series of tables and graphs. 

Their effect on the regeneration of connective tissues at wound defects and deep thermal bums has been studied. In experiments carried out and designed for revealing biological activity of obtained compounds (A and B), it has been found that they considerably accelerate wound cicatrizing (see Table 1). 

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