Conjunctivitis vernal keratoconjunctivitis

Khellin (32) Cromolyn sodium (33) Chromone derivative Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and vernal keratitis... 

Treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis Ophthalmic 1-2... 

Although there are five types of hypersensitivity responses, two of these, types 1 and 1 play a significant role in the pathophysiology of allergic eye disease. The ocular manifestations include seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis, contact dermatitis, and urticaria. These are discussed in Chapter 27. 

AKC = atopic keratoconjunctivitis GPC = giant papUlary conjunctivitis NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs OTC = over the counter VKC = vernal keratoconjunctivitis. 

A hquid form is also available for use in rhinitis and ocular conditions. When applied topically to the eye cromoghcate is effective in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis (vernal catarrh, spring catarrh), allergic conjunctivitis, and hay fever. 

Nedocromil 2% ophthalmic solution is as effective as cromoglicate in allergic conjunctivitis and more effective in peak periods of pollen challenge (4). Headache was the most common adverse effect, but unpleasant taste and nasal congestion also occurred commonly. In cases of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, both cromoglicate (2%) and nedocromil (2%) eye-drops produced improvement without significant adverse effects (5). 

Lodoxamide, a substance that stabilizes mast cells and has antiallergic properties (1 to 2 drops of 0.1% solution into each affected eye), is used in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and vernal keratitis. 

Ciclosporin eye-drops have been used after keratoplasty, in high-risk cases, to prevent graft rejection and to treat severe vernal conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, and various immune-related comeal disorders. Despite its severe adverse effects after systemic use, topical ciclosporin can generally be used without serious adverse reactions (44,45). 

Patients with AD can also present with eyelid dermatitis, nipple dermatitis, and cheilitis of the lips. Eyelid dermatitis and chronic blepharitis are commonly associated with AD, and can result in visual impairment from corneal scarring. Other ocular complications include atopic keratoconjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and keratoconus. ... 

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