Congestive fibrosis

Shock liver 2. Acute fiver congestion 1. Chronic liver congestion 2. Congestive fibrosis 3. Cardiac cirrhosis... 

ACE inhibitors do not completely block aldosterone synthesis. Since this steroid hormone is a potent inducer of fibrosis in the heart, specific antagonists, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, have recently been very successfully used in clinical trials in addition to ACE inhibitors to treat congestive heart failure [5]. Formerly, these drugs have only been applied as potassium-saving diuretics in oedematous diseases, hypertension, and hypokalemia as well as in primary hyperaldosteronism. Possible side effects of aldosterone antagonists include hyperkalemia and, in case of spironolactone, which is less specific for the mineralocorticoid receptor than eplerenone, also antiandrogenic and progestational actions. 

Angiotensin-II AT, Human cDNA Artherosderosis, cardiac hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, renal disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, glaucoma, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease Smooth muscle contraction, cell proliferation and migration, aldosterone and ADH release, central and peripheral sympathetic stimulation, extracellular matrix formation, tubular sodium retention, neuroprotection... 

Endothelin eta Human cDNA Acute pancreatitis, artherosderosis, cancer, hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes, obesity, inflammation, myocardial ischemia, prostatic hypertrophy, pulmonary fibrosis, stroke, ulcer, pain Vasoconstriction, bronchoconstriction, positive cardiac inotropy, proliferative responses, aldosterone secretion, neuroprotection... 

A toxicity that is unique to cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide is cystitis. Dysuria and decreased urinary frequency are the most common symptoms. Rarely, fibrosis and a permanently decreased bladder capacity may ensue. The risk of development of carcinoma of the bladder also is increased. Large intravenous doses have resulted in impairment of renal water excretion, hyponatremia, and increased urine osmolarity and have been associated with hemorrhagic subendocardial necrosis, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis may also result from chronic treatment. Other effects of chronic drug treatment include infertility, amenorrhea, and possible mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. 

In rats, repeated administration of ort/20-toluidine led to haemosiderosis, splenic congestion, bone marrow and splenic proliferation and splenic fibrosis consistent with a response to erythrocyte destruction. 

Qualitative biomarkers of acute oral exposure that are shared with other toxic compounds include a variety of electrocardiogram alterations. Postmortem biomarkers include fatty hepatic degeneration, pulmonary edema and/or congestion, widespread internal hemorrhaging, widespread intracellular fatty deposits, various myocardial damage, hepatic necrosis, hepatic fibrosis, and increased liver weight (see Section 2.2 for more detail). 

The involvement of the c-Ski and C184M in the development of overt cardiac fibrosis and attendant congestive heart failure is unclear. In future studies,... 

Adverse effects Amiodarone shows a variety of toxic effects. After long-term use, more than one half of the patients receiving the drug show side effects sufficiently severe to prompt its discontinuation. Some of the more common effects include interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, gastrointestinal tract intolerance, tremor, ataxia, dizziness, hyper- or hypothyroidism, liver toxicity, photosensitivity, neuropathy, muscle weakness, and blue skin discoloration caused by iodine accumulation in the skin. As noted earlier (see p. 166) recent clinical trials have shown that amiodarone did not reduce incidence of sudden death or prolong survival in patient with congestive heart failure (CHF). 

Sleep disorders associated with other chronic medical conditions, for example, asthma, chronic lung disease, cystic fibrosis, chronic pain, kidney and liver failure, congestive heart failure, gastroesophageal reflux, thyroid disorders, and menopause. 

---