Conductor intermediate-temperature

Conductivity of Nation in comparison to some intermediate-temperature proton conductors and the oxide ion conductivity of YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia). (From Kreuer, K. D. et al 2004. Chemical Reviews 104 4637-4678.)... 

Steininger, H., Schuster, M., Kreuer, K. D., Kaltbeitzel, A., Bingol, B., Meyer, W. H., Schauff, S., Brunklaus, G., Maier, J. and Spiess, H. W. 2007. Intermediate temperature proton conductors for PEM fuel cells based on phosphonic acid as protogenic group A progress report. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 9 1764-1773. 

Ammonium polyphosphate composite-based proton conductors for the intermediate temperature range (200°C-300°C) have been found to possess good proton conductivity (0.1 Scm at 300°C) under humidified conditions [147], This temperature range would not have any kinetics or CO poisoning problem, but improving stability of the proton conductor in fuel cell conditions is still a challenge [148-151]. 

Nagao, M., Namekata, Y., Hibino, T., Sano, M. and Tomita, A. (2006) Intermediate-temperature NOx sensor based on an In +-doped SnP2O7 proton conductor. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett.,... 

During the last four decades, many oxide systems have been examined as potential electrolytes for intermediate temperature (IT) SOFC s [1]. An excellent review was presented by Etsell and Flengas in 1970 [2] while more recent conductivity data are summarized by Minh and Takahashi 3]. The electrolyte for IT-SOFC s have to meet the following criteria high ionic conductivity, low electronic conductivity, chemical and physical stability under reducing and oxidizing atmospheres at the operating temperature, ease of preparation and cost. In Fig. 1, the temperature dependence of the conductivity for several oxide ion conductors is shown. As shown in Fig. 1,... 

Ishihara T., Honda M, Shibayama T. Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells using a new LaGaOs based oxide ion conductor. I. Domped SmCoOs as a new cathode material. Journal of the electrochemical society, 1998, v. 145, N.9, p.3177-3183. 

At intermediate temperature, one of the main limiting factors is the high polarization resistance of usual cathode materials, such as LSM oxides, which limits SOFC power densities. Consequently, much attention has recently been focused on improving the cathodic performance by both using mixed ionic and electronic conductor materials and improving the microstructural design at the eathode/electrolyte interface [17]. 

Ishihara, T., Honda, M., Shibayama, T., Minami, H., Nishiguchi, H., and Takita, Y. (1998). Intermediate temperature soM oxide fuel cells using a new LaGaOs based oxide ion conductor—1. Doped SmCoCh as a new catbode material. J. Electrochem. Soc. 145 3177-3183. 

FIGU RE 9.11 Polyhedral models of TiOj polymorphs (a) rutile, (b) anatase, and (c) brookite. (Reprinted with kind permission from Dr. K. Nomura, Intermediate Temperature Solid Conductors—Crystal Structure Gallery—AIST, http //staff.aist.go.jp/nomura-k/english/ itscgallary-e.htm.)... 

Ishihara T (2006) Development of new fast oxide ion conductor and application for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 79(8) 1155-1166... 

Nagao M, Namekata Y, Hibino T, Sano M, Tomita A (2006) Intermediate-temperature NO sensor based on an ltf+-doped SnP Oj proton conductor. Electrochem Solid State Lett 9 H48-H51 Narita H, Zhang YC, Mizusaki J, Tagawa H (1995) Sohd state COj sensor using an electrolyte in the system Li2C03-Li3P0 -Al303. Solid State Ionics 79 349-353... 

Ito N, lijima M, Kimura K, Iguchi S (2005) New intermediate temperature fuel cell with ultra-thin proton conductor electrolyte. J Power Sources 152 200-203... 

FabbriE, D Epifanio A, Di Bartolomeo E,LicocciaS, Traversa E (2008) Tailoring the chemical stability of Ba(Ceo.8-xZrx)Yo.203 5 protonic conductors for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). Solid State Ionics 179 558-564... 

Steininger H, Schuster M, Kreuer KD, Maier J (2006) Intermediate temperature proton conductors based on phosphonic acid fimctimialized oligosiloxanes. Solid State Itmics 177 2457-2462... 

Research is actively being carried out on electrolyte materials with a view to finding a good ion conductor at a temperature lowered to around 600 C, in order to reduce the thermal and mechanical stress on the cells, reduce the costs and increase the lifetime, thus creating ITSOFCs (Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells). 

Huang, C., Chen, D Lin, Y Ran, R and Shao, Z.P. (2010) Evaluation of Bao.6Sro.4Coo.9Nbo.i03-s mixed conductor as a cathode for intermediate-temperature oxygen-ionic solid-oxide fuel cells. J. Power Sources, 195,... 

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