Low-temperature solid oxide fuel

Zhang X, Robertson M, Deces-Petit C, Qu W, Kesler O, Marie R et al. Internal shorting and fuel loss of a low temperature solid oxide fuel cell with SDC electrolyte. J. Power Sources 2007 164 668-677. 

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Liu Y and Liu M. Porous electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells fabricated by a combustion spray process. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2004 87 2139-2142. 

Refs. [i] http /lwww.seca.doe.gov [ii] http //www.spice.or.jp/ fisher/ sofc.html descript [iii] http //www.pg.siemens.com/en/fuelcells/sofc/ tubular/index.cfm [iv] Weissbart J, Ruka R (1962) J Electrochem Soc 109 723 [v] Park S, Vohs JM, Gorte RJ (2000) Nature 404 265 [vi] Liou J, Liou P, Sheu T (1999) Physical properties and crystal chemistry of bismuth oxide solid solution. In Processing and characterization of electrochemical materials and devices. Proc Symp Ceram Trans 109, Indianapolis, pp 3-10 [vii] Singhal SC (2000) MRS Bull 25 16 [viii] Matsuzaki Y, Yasuda I (2001) J Electrochem Soc 148 A126 [ix] Ralph JM, Kilner JA, Steele BCH (1999) Improving Gd-doped ceria electrolytes for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells. In New Materials for batteries and fuel cells. Proc Symp San Francisco, pp 309-314... 

The direct hydrocarbon fuel cell has shown a great promise for its simplicity and significant potential for further improvement in the power density. Enhancing the current density for intermediate and low temperature solid oxide fuels requires innovation in both materials development for electrode catalysts as well as fabrication approaches. 

Holme, T.P., Pornprasertsuk, R., Prinz, F.B. Interpretation of low temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectra. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2010,157, B64-70. 

Di J, Chen M, Wang C, Zheng J, Fan L, Zhu B (2010), Samarium doped ceria-(Li/ Na)2COj composite electrolyte and its electrochemical properties in low temperature solid oxide fuel cell , 7 Power Sources, 195,4695 699. 

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Yan A, Yang M, Hou Z, Dong Y, Cheng M (2008) Investigation of Ba] xSrxCoo.8Feo.203 g as cathodes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel ceils both in the absence and presence of CO2. J Power Sources 185 76-84... 

Patakangas J, Ma Y, ling Y, Lund P (2014) Review and analysis of characterization methods and ionic conductivities for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFC). J Power Sources 263 315-331... 

Ding, D., Liu, Z.B., Li, L. Xia, C.R. An octane-fueled low temperature solid oxide fuel-cell with Ru-fiee artodsB. Electrochem. Commun. 10 (2008a), pp. 1295-1298. 

Ding, D., Zhu, W., Gao, J.E Xia, C.R. High performance electrolyte-coated anodes for low-temperature solid oxide fuel-cells Model and experiments. J. Power Sources 179 (2008b), pp. 177-185. 

Ma, Y., Wang, X., Li, S. et al. (2010) Samarium-doped ceria nanowires novel synthesis and application in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Adv. Mater, 22, 1640. 

T. P. Holme, R. Pornprasertsuk, and F. B. Prinz,/. Electrochem. Soc., 157, B64 (2010). Interpretation of Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrochemical Impedance Spectra. 

Hibino, T., Hashimoto, A., Inoue, T., Tokuno, S., and Sano, M. A Low-Operating-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell in Hydrocarbon-Air Mixtures, Science, 288, 2031 (2000). 

Satisfactory conductivity is maintained up to 1800 °C in air but falls off at low oxygen pressures so that the upper temperature limit is reduced to 1400 °C when the pressure is reduced to 0.1 Pa. A further limitation arises from the volatility of Cr2C>3 which may contaminate the furnace charge. The combination of high melting point, high electronic conductivity and resistance to corrosion has led to the adoption of lanthanum chromite for the interconnect in high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (see Section 4.5.3). 

HibinoT, Hashimoto A, InoueT, TokunoJ, YoshidaS, Sano M (2000) A low-operating-temperature solid oxide fuel cell in hydrocarbon-air mixtures. Science 288 2031-2033. doi 10.1126/science.288.5473.2031... 

Current availability of individual lanthanides (plus Y and La) in a state of high purity and relatively low cost has stimulated research into potential new applications. These are mainly in the field of solid state chemistry and include solid oxide fuel cells, new phosphors and perhaps most significantly high temperature superconductors... 

This reaction is of great technological interest in the area of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) since it is catalyzed by the Ni surface of the Ni-stabilized Zr02 cermet used as the anode material in power-producing SOFC units.60,61 The ability of SOFC units to reform methane "internally", i.e. in the anode compartment, permits the direct use of methane or natural gas as the fuel, without a separate external reformer, and thus constitutes a significant advantage of SOFC in relation to low temperature fuel cells. 

These effects can all be enhanced if the point defects interact to form defect clusters or similar structures, as in Fej xO above or U02, (Section 4.4). Such clusters can suppress phase changes at low temperatures. Under circumstances in which the clusters dissociate, such as those found in solid oxide fuel cells, the volume change can be considerable, leading to failure of the component. 

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