Intermediate temperature range

This procedure is applicable if the relaxation between the spin states is fast (t<1 X 10 s) and thus the quadrupole doublets of the two spin states collapse into one. It is found that, in the intermediate temperature range, the widths of the two lines are significantly enlarged. This shows that the assumption of fast relaxation strictly does not apply. In spite of this, the areas of the lines ean be well reproduced within the Debye model employing the same Debye temperature for both spin states, p 123 K. 

In the intermediate temperature range (-50 < t < 150 C) there is a broad region of damping associated with relaxations of larger structures. In samples where the cure is well advanced, a clear peak appears near +50°C. This is circumstantial evidence that the peak is associated with crosslink structures. 

Stack Materials - The only proven stack material set is functional between approximately 800 C and 1100 C. A proven material set in the intermediate temperature range does not yet exist. 

The third hypothesis to explain the observed conductivity effect is that of Morrison (31) who used a modification of the adsorption theory presented in Section III. As has been pointed out, the adsorption theory in its basic form is adequate to explain the high-temperature conductivity and the low-temperature conductivity in zinc oxide. However, it must be expanded slightly to present an adequate explanation of the conductivity effects in the intermediate temperature range. The adsorption theory predicts the slow irreversible fall in the conductance shown in Fig. 3, but does not predict the initial reversible rise, observed in experiments such as illustrated in Fig. 3 for temperatures above 80°C, and which is shown isolated in Fig. 6. 

It has recently been recognized that crystal structure and particle size can also influence photoelectrochemical activity. For example, titanium dioxide crystals exist in the anatase phase in samples which have been calcined at temperatures below 500 °C, as rutile at calcination temperatures above 600 °C, and as a mixture of the two phases at intermediate temperature ranges. When a range of such samples were examined for photocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol and reduction of silver sulfate, anatase samples were found to be active for both systems, with increased efficiency observed with crystal growth. The activity for alcohol oxidation, but not silver ion reduction, was observed when the catalyst was partially covered with platinum black. On rutile, comparable activity was observed for Ag, but the activity towards alcohol oxidation was negligibly small . Photoinduced activity could also be correlated with particle size. 

T.B. Hunter, T.A. Litzinger, H. Wang, and M. Frenklach. Ethane Oxidation at Elevated Pressures in the Intermediate Temperature Range Experiments and Modeling. Combust. Flame, 104 505-523,1996. 

Fig. la, h. The elastic part (ne) and the negative of the mixing part (— Jtm) of the osmotic pressure as functions of polymer concentration < >. The intercepts of ae and — nm correspond to the equilibrium state of neutral gels. Numbers besides each curve of — represent Xi> which increases with temperature, (a) x2 = 0. Only one root at all temperatures, (b) Xi = 0.56. Three roots appear in the intermediate temperature range (around Xi = 0.465), which correspond to stable, unstable, and metastable states, respectively. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 20)... 

At high temperatures, such as 900°C, the effect of entropy increase in reaction (272) resulting from the increase in the number of gas molecules outweighs the effect of enthalpy increase due to the reaction consequently, the reaction can proceed in the forward direction to its end under atmospheric pressure, or even at pressures of some tens of atmospheres. At lower temperatures (e.g., 300°C) the reaction under atmospheric pressure can go completely in the reverse direction. In the intermediate temperature range and at pressures near 1 atm, the substances entering (272) coexist at equilibrium in comparable amounts. 

Most mills control the cooking cycle by automatic time-temperature controllers and recorders. The rate of temperature rise to the conversion plateau must be slow to prevent hot pockets or cold areas. The rate of temperature increase to the inactivation plateau must be rapid to prevent excessive depolymerization in the intermediate temperature range. The viscometers operate according to different mechanisms time to expel paste from a sample device (Norcross) vibration of a probe in the paste (Dynatrol) torque readings (Brookfield) or pressure drop on passage through an orifice (Escher Wyss). Potential errors in viscosity can result from variations in starch solids due to differences in moisture content of the starch, errors in slurry preparation and the quantity of condensate added by the steam. The process yields a maximum paste concentration of about 32%. 

Reference (261a) reports uniaxial ([100] of pseudocell) antiferromagnetisra 81.5°K < T < 88.3°K, parasitic ferromagnetism due to canted spins T < 81.5°K as a result of different single-ion anisotropies, thermal hysteresis in the canted-spin uniaxial-spin transition, and an He 9000 oe for field-induced spin canting in the intermediate temperature range. 

Now let us discuss the applicability of the results obtained for other models of semiflexible macromolecules. It is clear that the qualitative form of the phase diagram does not depend on the model adopted. The low-temperature behavior of the phase diagram is independent of the flexibility distribution along the chain contour as well, since at low temperatures the two coexisting phases are very dilute, nearly ideal solution and the dense phase composed of practically completely stretched chains. The high temperature behavior is also universal (see Sect. 3.2). So, some unessential dependence of the parameters of the phase diagram on the chosen polymer chain model (with the same p) can be expected only in the intermediate temperature range, i.e. in the vicinity of the triple point. 

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