Conductivity basis weight effect

In the study described above, strong evidence was shown that for the case of James River conductive base paper, a pressure of 13.8 Mfa applied to stainless steel electrodes was sufficient to effectively reduce contact resistance to negligibly small proportions. In the study described below the question as to whether the in situ pressure conductivity method would also be appropriate for different types of nonconductive papers which exhibit varied surface morphology is addressed. Consequently, paper samples were prepared, with basis weights of 60, 115, and 190 g/m2, all with a 1 1 ratio by weight of softwood-hardwood pulp, in a centrifugal dynamic vertical sheet former. Each of... 

Smith (24) conducted intensive studies of the factors involved in the use of oil sprays to control California red scale and other pests of citrus in southern California. He found that insecticidal efficiency and deleterious effect on the trees were closely related to the so-called weight of the spray oil, as indicated by the distillation range, and that this provided a better basis for classification of spray oils than viscosity. The relationship of the unsulfonated residue of petroleum oils to tree injury had been clearly established previ-... 

Figures 7 and 8 show the comparison of the two catalysts on a weight hourly space time (WHST) basis. The reactor operating conditions were 371C (700F) and 1500 psig. The studies of Sooter (2) and Satchell (3) were, however, conducted at 1000 psig. But this difference is not significant as far as comparison of the two catalysts is concerned, because the two studies revealed that pressure beyond 1000 psig had marginal effect on the activities of Nalcomo 474 catalyst with the Raw Anthracene Oil as the feedstock. Same was the case when Monolith catalyst was used.

Subchronic studies of the dearomatized petroleum streams in rats were conducted on C9-C12 and C10-C13 dearomatized aliphatic mixtures containing branched, straight, and cyclic alkanes, and a Cn-C17 isoparaffinic solvent containing branched and cyclic alkanes. Two of these studies reported male rat nephropathy. All three studies reported hepatic effects including hepatocellular hypertrophy and increased liver weight. Developmental toxicity was not seen at the same doses in a study of a similar mixture in rats. These unpublished subchronic studies were used as the basis for RfDs by the TPHCWG (1997c). 

Ochratoxin A was first evaluated by the Committee at its thirty-seventh meeting (Annex 1, reference 94). The key adverse effects noted involved toxicity to the kidney. The Committee established a provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of 112 ng/kg body weight (bw), on the basis of deterioration of renal function in pigs, for which the lowest-observed-effect level (LOEL) was 8 pg/kg bw per day, and application of a safety factor of 500. At that time, the Committee recommended that further studies be conducted to elucidate the role of ochratoxin A in causing nephropathy in pigs, the mode of action of ochratoxin A as a kidney carcinogen in rodents and the possible role of ochratoxin A in human disease. 

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