Condenser discharge

While drain valves are installed to get rid of unwanted liquid, vent lines get rid of unwanted gas or vapor. They should be located so that the vapor is unlikely to ignite, so that damage is minimal if it does ignite, and so that people are not affected by the gas or vapor discharged. One fire destroyed a small plant. It started because the vent on a distillation column condenser discharged into the control room, possibly to prevent pollution of the surroundings, which had given rise to complaints about the smell [1] (see Section 2.11.3). 

In initiating PETN by sparks generated by a condenser discharge, Romanov Sten gach (Ref 14) found that discharge energies for 50% expln increased with increasing PETN particle size. Similar effects are reported for several other expls (see Vol 5, E43)... 

Initiation by exploding bridge. This subject has been studied extensively by Leopold (Refs 32a, 41 43). He used a smear camera to observe the growth of expln in PETN, and a condenser discharge to explode the bridge wire. 

Similarly, some boiler plant designs may provide only a high-level FW tank (i.e., positioned higher than the boiler) and have returning condensate discharge directly into this tank. 

The flash vessel should be fitted with a float or inverted-bucket type steam trap to the condensate discharge line, and also a pressure relief valve to prevent excess pressure buildup, as may happen if the demand for LP steam drops below the flash steam production rate. 

Investigations of direct electric ignition of secondary expls such as PETN and RDX were carried out for more than 15 years, especially wirh exploding u/ires, where thin wires were rapidly evaporated under formation of a shock wave, thru abrupt application of high electric energy produced for example by a capacitor (condenser) discharge... 

The principal input and output tests used by the US at the time of publishing NOLTR 1111(1952) included Drop Ball Testers (two types) Sand Bomb Apparatuses 100, 200, 360 500 gram Condenser Discharge Apparatus Torsional Ballistic Pendulums (two types) Drop Ball Test Set Mk 135 with Chronograph Thermocouple Drop Ball Test Set Mk 136 with Chronograph Gas Explosion Chambers (two types) Gas Volume and Impulse Apparatus Pressure Bomb Apparatus and Hopkinson Bar Apparatus (Ref 11, pp 9-2 9-3, Table 9-D... 

Condenser-Discharge Type Hercules Incorporated markets five condenser-discharge blasting machines VME 450, VME 225 Blasters manufactured by Vibration Measurement Engineers, Inc., Evanston, 111 60204... 

The chamber floor is slanted toward the condensate discharge. The floor is further reinforced with a pressure plate. 

The characteristics of 25 EED s to inputs of various pulses (condenser discharge, constant current, constant voltage) are found In Ref 1... 

The common input tests are condenser discharge, voltage sensitivity, and steady-current functioning. See Vol 4, p D1081- L A number of non-destructive tests have been proposed, but they are not standardized nor in general use as yet. See following article... 

Most of the lines in the are spectrum are easily reversed. In order to differentiate the arc and spark spectra Buffam and Ireton 5 used an under-water oscillatory condenser discharge with a suitable condenser capacity in the circuit the spectra were produced between poles of metallic arsenic in a vessel through which water circulated continuously, and were photographed by means of Hilger spectrographs. The arc lines were inverted on a dark continuous background, while the spark lines were not. 

Let s further assume that the pressure drop from the jet discharge, through the condenser discharge, is 10 mm Hg. Then, the jet discharge pressure would be 90 mm Hg. Let s also say that the sonic boost is equal to 3.60. The velocity boost is assumed to be equal to 2.5. The overall compression ratio is then... 

J. Pllicker and J. W. Hittorf also showed that with a condensed discharge, the vacuum tube glows with a white light. This gives a line spectrum which is identical with that of the spark discharge, but has no relation with the band spectrum just indicated. These observations were confirmed by A. Wiillner,... 

Hot wire ignition of RDX was studied by Klochkov Manachinskii (Ref 67). They ignited RDX tablets, 10mm in diameter and 0.6mm thick, with metal wires heated by condenser discharge and measured ignition delays as a function of ambient pressure. For a Ni wire of 20 micron diameter and resistance of 0.9 ohms, with a 1 microF condenser, they obtained the following ... 

In the Wenograd test a iiq expl is introduced into stainless steel hypodermic tubing which is then heated by a condenser discharge. The change in electrical resistance of the tubing is a measure of T and a further change in resistance upon expln is a measure of te... 

The use of the high internal area of electronically conducting polymers should make such materials good (cheap) electrochemical capacitors (see Section 13.19) where there would be much to gain (economically ) over, say, porous Ru02. In condenser discharge, no net current flows so that ohmic losses in pores are not relevant. 

Figure P16.24 shows a process that accomplishes the chilling of 0.5 kg s- of water from 26 4°C. The water acts as its own refrigerant by means of a recycle loop. The compressor (vacu pump) maintains a suction pressure at point 4 such that the saturation temperature in the sep is 4°C, and discharges at point 5 to a pressure of 6 kPa. The compressor operates adiabatically i an efficiency of 75 percent. The condenser discharges saturated liquid water at 6 kPa. 

Separation of microorganisms. In wastewater U tment utilizing bioreactor systems, there are needs to concentrate and separate microorganisms. During or after the fermentation processes, bacterias or cell debris need to be removed from the system. Crossflow filtration has been investigated for these purposes. An example of this is to treat the evaporator condensate discharged from a Kraft pulp mill. 

This system normally uses a condenser discharge directly to a hot well and then to a cooling tower, often by gravity. The cooling tower overflow and blow down is discharged to a wastewater treatment facility as part of the plant oily wastewater handling needs. 

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