Current steady

Measurement by quasi - constant current (steady - state value of pulse current) providing a compete tuning out from the effect of not only electric but also magnetic material properties. 

The magnitude of the overshoot current, relative to the difference between the photo-assisted and dark current steady state levels, decreases with increasing bias,... 

The LFCB should be located in an area free of ventilation or other air currents, steady or intermittent, which might hamper the laminar airstream by backwash effect. Performance testing of the LFCB by a qualified inspector is recommended at least every 6 months, and servicing or replacement of the unit prefilters every 60 days or less. 

Fig. 7.53 a Stack voltage and current acquisition versus time during the dynamic cycle characterized by two stack current steady state levels (160 and 240 A) and the maximum stack current variation of 50 A/s. Air management strategy N.S. b Stoichiometric ratio and air flow rate acquisition versus time during the dynamic cycle characterized by two stack current steady state levels (160 and 240 A) and the maximum stack current variation of 50 A/s. Air management strategy N.S... 

For example, LK is a 50-year-old, 75-kg, 5-ft, 11-in male renal transplant recipient who is receiving oral cyclosporine 400 mg every 12 hours. The current steady-state blood cyclosporine concentration is 375 ng/mL. To compute a cyclosporine dose that will provide a steady-state concentration of 200 ng/mL, linear pharmacokinetic equations can be used. The new dose to attain the desired concentration should be proportional to the old dose that produced the measured concentration (total daily dose = 400 mg/dose x 2 doses/day = 800 mg/day) ... 

Interpretation of cathodic protection of iron in an environment of PH = 1 may be made by reference to Fig. 4.26. Without an external current, steady-state corrosion occurs under the conditions, Ecorr and icorr. If electrons are supplied to the metal, the potential will decrease, and at any arbitrary reduction of potential (e.g., Ej), a current balance requires that Iex = Iox M - Ired x, or iexA = iox MA - ired xA for a given area A (assuming that Ac = Aa = A), or iex = iox m - bed x- This external current density is represented in Fig. 4.26 as the span between the respective polarization curves at Ej. It is evident that for corrosion to be stopped, E must be reduced to E Fe, and to maintain this protection, the external... 

In a normal feedback control loop (Figure 22.2a) the control valve or another of its components may exhibit a nonlinear character. In such a case the gain of the nonlinear component will depend on the current steady state. Suppose that we want to keep the total gain of the overall system constant. From Figure 22.2a we find easily that the open-loop gain is given by... 

The values found for the steady current are plotted against the concentration of analyte in the solution. The plot is linear and gives us the current (steady) for a given concentration of analyte. Thus the actual concentration of the explosive in the contaminated soil or water can be found out from the calibration curve (Figure 10.3). 

For such a type of closed electrochemical cell with no convection, it is possible to obtain a non-zero-current steady state (in the strictest sense of the term as regards the electrolyte) If all the electroactive species present in the electrolyte have the same stoichiometries in both electrode redox reactions. The average composition of the electrolyte does not change over time, as illustrated in the example in figure 4.36 which shows concentration profiles for a chronopotentiometry with a fast and nernstian redox system In the presence of a supporting electrolyte with no convection... 

If there is a wide distance between the two electrodes in a liquid electrolyte, then it is not possible to overlook the natural convection. In fact, it is this natural convection that homogenises the concentration in the electrolyte s middle zone. For example, if we keep to the same interfacial reactions as those described above and assume that only a short time is needed for the two diffusion layers to reach equal thickness d, then the changes over time in the concentration profiles illustrated in figure 4.37 show how, yet again, a non-zero-current steady state is achieved. 

In fact, having two opposite interfacial reactions means that non-zero current steady states can exist in this type of system (see section 4.4.1.2). 

Locked-rotor current Steady-state current taken from the line with the rotor locked and... 

Consider a uni-directlonal wave train entering a region of horizontally non-uniform current steady in time whose flow velocity U, considered positive in the direction of the waves is uniformly distributed with depth. For each wave component, the apparent frequency, o) in a stationary frame of reference, is related to the relative or intrinsic frequencyin the frame of reference moving with the current as... 

Consider a uni-directional deep water wave train, free of current, propagating over a gently varying sea bottom with straight and parallel contours normally towards a straight shoreline where it meets an adverse current steady in time and uniformly distributed with depth. For purposes of Illustration we assume the current speed does not change with depth. 

The residence time Tr is the transportation time of the fluid from the entrance of the pipe to the pipe exit for the current steady-state situation. 

The overall charge balance is expressed as where I is the external current flowing to the eleetrode, Iq the eomponent of I involve in the film growth, and Iq Ihe corrosion current measuring the flux of metal cations released in the solution. Equation (41) must be considered algebraically i.e., a negative (cathodic) value of / will produce film destruction by cathodic reduction and possibly a decrease of the corrosion current. Steady state is naturally defined for a constant film thickness, Iq = 0, and therefore an external current equal to the corrosion current. 

Figure 9.9 Steady-state y ( ) characteristic at T = 296 K for a 44% TPD(PC) fiim. inserts (a), (b), and (c) show the time-dependent response of the dark current to a voitage step which initiates the transition to SCL dark current steady state at fieids indicated by arrows (a), (b), and (c) on the J E) piot. Contacts are Au. (From Abkowitz, M. A. and Pai, D., Philos. Mag., B53, 193, 1986. With permission.)...

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