Condensation heat transfer fundamentals

The fundamentals of condensation heat transfer are covered in Volume 1, Chapter 9. 

J. W. Rose, Fundamentals of Condensation Heat Transfer Laminar Film Condensation, JSME Int. J. Series II, (31) 357-375,1988. 

P. Griffith, Dropwise Condensation, Handbook of Heat Transfer Fundamentals, W. M. Rohsenow, J. P. Hartnett, and E. N. Ganic eds., chap. 11, part 2, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985. 

M. Yanadori, K. Hijikata, Y. Mori, and M. Uchida, Fundamental Study of Laminar Film Condensation Heat Transfer on a Downward Horizontal Surface, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 28, pp. 1937-1944,1985. 

Wilhelm Nusselt (1882-1957) was nominated Professor of Theoretical Mechanical Engineering at the Technische Hochschule, Karlsruhe in 1920. Between 1925 and 1952 he taught at the Technische Hochschule, Munich. In 1915 he published his fundamental work The Fundamental Laws of Heat Transfer , in which he introduced dimensionless groups for the first time. Further important investigations included heat transfer in film condensation, cross current heat transfer and the analogy between heat and mass transfer in evaporation. 

Butterworth, C. Condensers Basic heat transfer and fluid flow. In Kakac, S. Bergles, A.E. Mayinger, F. Heat exchangers, thermal-hydraulic fundamentals and design. Washington Hemisphere 1981, 289-313... 

M. Cumo, Numerical Methods for the Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger with Shell-Side Condensation, in Two-Phase Flow Heat Exchangers Thermal-Hydraulic Fundamentals and Design, S. Kakag, A. E. Bergles, and E. O. Fernandes (eds.), pp. 829-847, Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1988. 

Energy Considerations. As in any distillation process, the fundamental requirements for energy transfer in a solar still are supplying heat to the evaporating water and removing heat from the condensing vapor. These two heat rates are essentially equal—about 1040 B.t.u. per pound of distilled water. Incident solar radiation must provide heat for several other processes, however. These are shown schematically in... 

This suggests, that for the calculation of the heat and mass transfer, it would be sensible to subdivide the flow path into individual sections, and then solve the mass and energy balances for each section, taking the laws of heat and mass transfer into consideration. Calculations of this type for binary mixtures are only possible with the assistance of a computer. In the discussions presented here we want to limit ourselves to an explanation of the fundamental physical processes along with an illustration of the decisive balance equations. As the process of condensation in multicomponent mixtures with more than two components is similar to that in binary mixtures, we will limit ourselves to the consideration of binary mixtures. 

The Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic hosts the leading Aerosol Laboratory in the country. The main effort is aimed at experimental study of individual parts of the condensation process (nucleation, condensation and evaporation, heat and mass transfer) as well as at more complex phenomena such as gas-phase synthesis of nano-particles, and combustion or atmospheric aerosols. 

Anszoer by Author If we take the Eulerian point of view and focus our attention at a fixed location along the test section, the heat and mass transfer phenomena occurring during cooldown may appear to resemble condensation. The fact is that the amount of hydrogen vaporized decreases with cool-dowm hence, the process is fundamentally different from condensation. But if the fluid is followed down the test section at any fixed instant, it is evident that liquid is continuously and increasingly vaporized. 

The determination of the number of equilibrium stages required for the given separation should not include a partial reboiler or a partial condenser. The overall efficiency is extremely easy to measure and use thus, it is the most commonly used efficiency value in the plant. However, it is difficult to relate overall efficiency to the fundamental heat and mass transfer processes occurring on the tray, so it is not generally used in fundamental studies. 

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