Cross current

Fig. 19. Predicted performance cut diameter for typical spray towers (271) (a) vertical countercurrent spray tower (b) horizontal cross-current spray chamber. Liquid—gas ratio is 1 m of Hquid/1000 m of gas. Drop diameter curve 1, 200 p.m curve 2, 500 p.m curve 3, 1000 lm. Uq = 0.6 m/s.

Fig. 10. Stream flow over (a) a broad-crested, rectangular weir (b) a cross-current view of the rectangular and CipoUetti weirs (c) a trape2oidal-notch or CipoUetti weir (d) a sharp-crested, triangular, or V-notch weir (e) a cross-current view of the V-notch and hyperboHc-notch weirs and ( a...

Filtration frequently is accompanied by hindered or free gravitational sedimentation of solid particles. The directions of action of gravity force and filtrate motion may be cocurrent, countercurrent or cross current, depending on the orientation of the... 

Quer-schwlngung. /. transverse vibration, -spalte, /. transverse split or fissure, -spiess-glanz, m. jamesonite. -streifung, /. cross striping or striation. -Strom, m. cross current Elec.) wattless current, -sttick, n. 

The cooling tower cools hot water tvith cool air by countercurrent (or cross-current) fiow of the tw o fluids past each other in a tower filled with packing. This involves both mass and heat transfer. The water surface that exists on the tower packing is covered with an air film assumed to be saturated at the water temperature. The heat is transferred between this film and the main body of air by diffusion and convection. Detailed presentations of the development of cooling tower theory are given in References 39 and 46. 

Fig. 120. Multistage cross-current liquid-liquid extraction diagram.

Layered-type structure, 92-100 Lewis acidity, 15 Liquid - liquid extraction collective, 276-277 counter-current scheme, 272 equipment, 273 extractants, 279-281 mechanism, 274-276 multistage counter-current, 271 multistage cross-current, 270 one-stage process, 270 principals, 267-269 process performance, 282-283 process schemes, 277,278, selective, 277-278 with 2-octanol, 284-291... 

For a cross-current extraction the equation is defined as follows ... 

Run the analyses in regional labs, but impose a military-style supply-and-control regime this exposes the commander to cultural cross-currents that can scuttle his project. 

Hustedt, H., Kroner, K. H. and Papmichael, N. Proc. Biochem. (October, 1988) 129-137. Continuous cross-current aqueous 2-phase extraction of enzymes from biomass - automated recovery in production scale. 

With the biological cross current airscrubber we got the following reduction figures ... 

Fig. 1.7 Arrangements of solvent extraction stages (a) co-current (b) cross-current and (c) counter-current.

Water may be better than air for studying the dynamics of stimulus dispersal, because in this denser medium fluid dynamic processes are attenuated (Atema, 1988). As interindividual distances increase with increasing body size, pheromone communication becomes less and less practical in water, particularly because of signal delays, dilution, and cross-currents. 

Turbulence also effects plume homogeneity. Turbulence interacts with the plume on different scales. It may be induced by the plume s flowing past a surface, by thermal convection cells, or by cross currents in the water. When the scale is large relative to the diameter of the plume, the effect is somewhat like twisting or rolling a ribbon. When the scale is comparable to the diameter of the plume, it directly affects the cross-sectional homogeneity of the plume. 

Single Stage and Cross Current Extraction of Acetic Add from Methylisobutyl Ketone with Water... 

Cascade principle was also combined with cross-count horizontal scavenging [7] in a vertical vessel divided into separation and precipitation chambers, separated by a permeable grid with concave shelves (Fig. 2c). Particles fed from the top pour onto the upper shelf, glide down and fall of its edge where they are scavenged by the cross-current stream. Part of fines is carried into the precipitation chamber and the rest of the mixture falls onto the next shelf for repeated separation. After multiple separations, coarse fraction exits from the separation chamber and fines leave the precipitation chamber. The finest fraction exits with the stream and is collected in cyclones or filters. 

Average SRS simulant was employed for extraction (0 A = 1 3), 50 mM HNO3 for scrubbing (0 A = 5 1), and 1 mM HNO3 for stripping (0 A = 5 1). All contacts were made at 25 °C. Fresh aqueous phase was used for each contact (cross-current contacting). Data from reference [49],... 

In laminar flow, the molecules are all moving in the same direction with no eddies or cross currents. You can envision the fluid as consisting of smooth microscopic layers, and the layers don t mix or interfere with each other. Turbulent flow has eddies and is chaotic. 

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