Computing on the Internet

Computers on the Internet are identified through IP addresses. IP addresses of the sending and receiving computers together with some other information are included in a header created for each packet. This is the reason why all packets from one data file find their way to the same computer... 

Basically, every computer on the Internet can communicate directly with every other. Most Internet services can be configured to refuse access from outside a trusted or authorized group of client computers, or can be disabled altogether, but the danger of abuse of information and resources or worse... 

It is well known that the resources available on the Internet are in constant flux, with new sites appearing on a daily basis and established sites disappearing almost as frequently. This also holds true for the dedicated tools used in biochemical and biophysical studies. New tools are constantly becoming available, and established tools, obsolete. Such rapid change makes it difficult to stay current with the state-of-the-art technologies in the areas of bioinformatics and computational biochemistry and biophysics. 

Cellsim s universe consists of a 512 x 512 array. The program itself is completely menu-driven and includes these features (1) 256-state computed-function rules, in addition to lookup-tables, on both the Sun and CM (2) creation of look-up tables using Langton s lambda parameter (see section 3.2) (3) the ability to save images in Sun raster format and (4) the ability to generate lookup tables with standalone C code. Cellsim can be obtained via anonymous ftp on the Internet to think.com. 

IILifeiilie. A Quarterly Newsletter for Enthusiasts of John Conway s game of Li/e, edited by Robert Wainwright, s 1-11, 1971-1973 available on the internet at URL address http //members.aol.com/ lifeline/life/ lifepage.htm. See also Time magazine, January 21, 1974 The game of Life, which is a lively account of hackers versus serious computer time. 

The internet allows the linking of computers which are tuned for database searching (and which may access a world wide database of information, which is not limited by the published literature but also includes research results which are available only on the internet) with computers which are capable of calculating chemical reactivity. It is now easy for me, for example, to do different sorts of literature searches on computers in Bath, Daresbury, and in Manchester, and to analyse the data using computers in Cambridge, all without leaving my office. 

File Transfer Protocol. A protocol used to move files over the Internet. Typically, you use a command line command, browser capability, or program on your computer called an FTP client to connect to an FTP server found on the Internet. Once connected to the FTP server, you can move files back and forth between your computer and the FTP server. SFTP, Secure FTP, is a more secure protocol for moving data over the Internet in which both your login information and data are encrypted during communications. 

On the Internet, research one possible structure of methane hydrate. Create a physical model or a three-dimensional computer model to represent it. Use your model to explain why methane hydrates are unstable at temperatures that are warmer than 0°C. 

You are writing an essay on the subject of censorship on the Internet. Take a stance on this issue and write a brief thesis statement on a separate sheet of paper or on your computer. Then, come up with three supporting points. Next, play devil s advocate and list three points the opposition might make. Finally, write a brief paragraph in which you acknowledge one of those points. 

The next step will help you narrow down your topic even further and make it more specific. If you asked a librarian for information, or typed John F. Kennedy into a search engine on the Internet, either the librarian or the computer would pull up thousands of sources. Most likely, you don t have the time to sift through aU the pages and books that have been written about President John F. Kennedy. For that reason, you need to refine your search. Using the 5 W s as a guide, make yourself a chart and fill in all the information that you already know. For example, your chart might look like this ... 

In addition to these tools, many useful tools are available on the internet. There are such things as programs that will solve the Hilckel equations on line, (<5) provide information about the elements, (7) and so forth. Various computer programs are available from the Journal of Chemical Education. 

This mathematical model for the probability densities of various electron orbits allowed physicists to develop visualization tools. For example, in 1931, long before computer visualizations were possible, an article in Physics Review [Wh] featured a mechanical device (see Figure 7.3) designed to create images of the shapes of the electron orbitals (see Figure 7.4). There are many pictures of electron orbitals available on the internet. See for example [Co]. 

In this experiment, students will be introduced to several uses of the computer and the Internet. Students are instructed in the use of bibliographic searches, sequence databases, and structural analytical tools available, free of charge, on the Web. For student practice, several worked examples are provided in the Study Problems. Instructors may modify the experiment by... 

There have been many books and reviews written on the subject of NN and parallel computing. Only a token one is listed here, for those who need a traditional book reference (Haykin, 1999). It will probably be obsolete before this book is published. Otherwise, a wealth of up-to-date information is always available on the Internet where a neural networks entry produces an avalanche of information. Both lead articles cited for Chapter 10 (Hierlemann et al 1996) and (Jurs et al., 2000) discuss their applications in the context of chemical and biological sensing. 

There are several lists (formerly called electronic bulletin boards) available on the Internet where questions about computational chemistry can be asked and information exchanged freely. With the number of subscribers of these lists ranging from a few hundred to several thousand, usually there is someone willing to offer answers, including those from a beginner. The most famous of these lists, and broadest in terms of topics covered, is the Computational Chemistry List (CCL), which is administered by Dr. Jan K. Labanowski (presently at the University of Notre Dame). To post... 

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