Computer Japanese

Carved wooden bears in all shapes and sizes overwhelmed Yngve and me at our visit to Noboribetsu in 1976. There was an afternoon to spare before the opening of the "Oji International Seminar on Theories and Ab Initio Computations of Molecular Electronic Structure" at Tomakomai, Hokkaido in the fall of 1976 so we wished to experience the hot springs. The train left us with a choice of buses, the desdnations of which were clearly indicated in Japanese writing. We found the right one and came to a city in a canyon where the sulfur fumes and hot water let themselves out. The kind reception by Kimio Ohno and Fukashi Sasaki at Hokkaido University remains a vivid memory. 

This research was supported by the Environmental Protection Agency (Grant No. EPA 809561). K.F.H. gratefully acknowledges the Japanese Ministry of Education for a research scholarship. Also this work would not have been completed without the kindness and support of Professor T. Yasunaga and Drs. M. Sasaki, T. Ikeda, and N. Mikami of Hiroshima University. The authors wish to thank Dr. V. Tripathi for his help in the computer modeling of the equlibrium data. 

Reichardt, Jasia, Cybernetic Serendipity The Computer and the Arts (New York Praeger, 1969). (This book has a chapter on Japanese haiku, computer texts, high-entropy essays, fairy tales, and fake physics essays.)... 

Sato, M. (1982). [Computer simulation of crystal structures]. Rikagi Denki J. 13, 48-52 (in Japanese). 

Victor N. Nemykin was bom in 1968, received his M.S. in organic chemistry from Kiev State University, Kiev, Ukraine, in 1993, and his Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Kiev, Ukraine, in 1995. He was awarded a Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science Fellowship and worked in the laboratories of Professors N. Kobayashi and then K. Sakamoto at the Tohoku and Nihon Universities, Japan. He then accepted a postdoctoral position at Duquesne University in the research group of Professor P. Basu. Since fall 2004, he has been assistant professor at the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth. He has co-authored more than 60 publications including several patents. His research interests include the chemistry of porphyrins and phthalocyanines, bioinorganic chemistry of molybdenum, and computational chemistry. 

GenomeNet is a Japanese network of database and computational service for genome research and related areas in molecular and cellular biology. It is operated jointly by the Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University and the Human Genome Center of the University of Tokyo. 

Ken s research has been recognized by many major awards. Among these some of the most significant are an Alexander von Humboldt U.S. Senior Scientist Award from Germany, the Schrodinger Medal of the World Association of Theoretically Oriented Chemists, the UCLA Faculty Research Lectureship, a Cope Scholar Award and the James Flack Norris Award of the American Chemical Society, the Tolman Award of the Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society, and an Honorary Degree ( Dr. honoris causa ) from the University of Essen, Germany in 1999. In 2000, he was named a Lady Davis Professor at the Technion in Israel and received a Fellowship from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science. Last year Ken was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and he has won the 2003 American Chemical Society Award for Computers in Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 

Another Japanese consumer electronics company, NEC, plans to adopt PLA biopolymers for its cellphones and personal computers in order to achieve product differentiation. Impact strength, heat deformation resistance and durability are required for cellphones and the company has developed a kenaf-reinforced polylactic acid that meets these requirements. Plans now call for the reinforced resin to be given non-phosphorous, non-halogen flame retardancy, and then applied to notebook personal computer housings starting in 2007. 

Japanese company NEC has developed a plant-derived bioplastic whose main component is polylactic acid. It is said to possess the world s best flame retardance for a product of this type. This has been achieved without the use of halogenated or phosphorous flame retardants. NEC has applied proprietary property-modifying additives such as inorganic heat absorbants, high flow modifiers and impact modifiers to realise the bioplastic. The material conforms to the UL94 5V standard, which means it can be utilised in a wide variety of electronic products, including personal computer housing. 

Janzen and Happ generated a series of 2- and 4-acylated pyridine N-oxide radical-anions by the autoxidation of corresponding alkyl or hydroxyalkyl precursors in mixtures of DMSO or DMF with t-butanol containing potassium f-butoxide.355 The computational approach of these workers to the spin distribution problem was rather different from that of the Japanese group,351 but their results and conclusions were essentially concordant. 

Other numerical tables were apparently also produced in 1954-1956 by a Japanese group.One must conclude that at that time it was not widely forseeable that such numerical tables of functions, similar to tables of logarithms, would become obsolete so soon due to the rapid progress in electronic computers. 

Japanese MHW issues Computer Control Guidelines for Drug Manufacturing... 

The Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) [later Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW)] issued its computer validation guideline in 1993.It specifically avoided the validation and qualification terminology, although it covered rudimentary validation requirements ... 

The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), representing FDA, EU, and Japanese regulatory authorities, produced guidance in 2000 on the manufacmre of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) that included computer validation expectations. Not too surprisingly, essential principles were unchanged compared to computer vahdation for fiitished dmg products. The key topics covered were ... 

In 1998 the Japanese MHW published an annex to its GLP regulations spedhcaUy on computer systems.The guide included spedhc recommendations for prospective vahdation of internally developed computer systems and externally purchased computer systems. It spedhcaUy calls for in-built testing functionality within applicadons to be documented and approved. Retrospective validation is also discussed. 

In 1996 the ICH, representing FDA, EU, and Japanese regulatory authorities, published GCP expeetations that ineluded factors affecting computer validation. The FDA, EU, and Japan have all adopted the ICH GCPs. Three key principles that are relevant to computer applications are outlined ... 

Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (1993), Guideline on Control of Computerised Systems in Drug Manufacturing, Manual for Control of Computerised Systems in GMP, Audit Manual for Manufacturers of Pharmaceutical Product with Computer Systems. 

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