Computer credentials

The user logs into the system with valid user id and password credentials from any computer connected to the network. The instantaneous access of the user to the centralized database enables direct entry of the data into a centralized database, whether with LAN, WAN, or VPN. Remote data entry... 

Because of the complexity of computer hardware and software and because of the intricacy of a risk assessment, the FDA has to all intents and purposes adopted an indirect regulatory posture. Regulated companies are informally urged to conduct independent audits of Part 11 compliance, utilizing in-house or consultant expertise. The agency can then review the details of the audit report and the credentials for experience, expertise, and independence of the auditor. Follow-up investigation of speciflc points can then be laser-focused on specific areas of concern. 

As discussed earlier, the future of journals is clearly electronic. However, there are many reasons why journal articles are problematic in comparison to other documents such as web pages and databases. First, most chemistry journals (with the notable exception of Chemistry Central Journal, www.journal.chemistrycentral. com) are not open access, and thus the content of articles is restricted by the publishers. Although most universities and large organizations have institutional subscriptions to the popular journals, access usually requires validation on computer IP addresses or the use of private login credentials. Thus, automated access to this information by a computer is difficult. Further, it is unclear whether the terms under which journal articles are made available permit automated processing of the content... 

Defining appropriate expertise is even more complex. The FDA informally recognizes the expertise and hence the credentials of some individuals, but does not provide any formal certification. This recognition seems to be based on a combination of experience, academic credentials (in computer systems, regulation, and laboratory management), and general familiarity. (The more often an investigator successfully reviews a laboratory audited by a specific validator the... 

Another facet of e-mail involves a substantial movement by school systems to use cloud-based e-mail systems. Cloud-based services allow students, faculty, and staff to access applications on a netwoik platform that is leased or rented to schools similar to a utility or tenement arrangement. The cloud extends the system so that students, faculty, and staff have constant access to not only their e-mail but also personal files and applications software anywhere they have a computer and Internet access. For example, an assignment using an application does not have to be installed on the remote computer, nor does it have to be connected to a local area netwoik to function. The application is run from the cloud, and the data generated are stored on the cloud, which can be accessed anytime by anyone with Internet service and proper access credentials. 

As a driver approaches a PrePass-equipped inspection facility, a transponder inside the truck s cab identifies the vehicle to the facility s computer, which verifies that state-required credentials and satisfactory safety ratings are present. 

The weigh station computer looks up the transponder in the database to verify that the credentials and safety record are in order. 

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