Computed tomography, development

A 55-year-old postmenopausal female develops weakness, polyuria, and polydipsia. Nephrocalcinosis is detected by a computed tomography (CT) scan. Her serum creatinine is elevated. Which of the following agents may have caused these adverse effects ... 

Finally, newer scanners are being developed with both PET and another modality, such as computed tomography (X-ray CT), where a subject would be scanned first with X-ray CT for anatomy and for attenuation correction, and then imaged for their PET or SPECT measurements. 

X-ray computed tomography (CT), initially developed for medical diagnostics, is now also being used extensively in airports, worldwide, to find hidden explosives in checked airHne luggage. The population of CT systems deployed at US airports as ofjanuary, 2008, numbers more than 1700. 

Li C, McCuskey P, Yang DJ, Kan Z, Wallace S (1996) Development of biodegradable ioxUan carbonate particles for contrast enhancement of the liver in computed tomography scanning toxicity assessment. Acad Radiol 3(Suppl 2) 8... 

French Jet al (2010) Use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in the morphological examination of rat and rabbit fetuses from embryo-fetal development studies. Reprod Toxicol 30 292-300... 

A newly developed 7-ray computed tomography scanner was implemented to study liquid flow distribution in a 30.48-cm-diameter column packed with corrugated structure using countercurrent air-water flow. Validation experiments confirm that spatial resolution of 2.5 mm can be achieved by the new CT unit. 

The newly developed gamma ray computed tomography (CT) scanner design... 

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the newly developed CREL computed tomography.

This patient was the first case in our series in which acute renal failure developed after an athletics meeting. After he had participated in a 200-m race, loin pain occurred, leading to acute renal failure. Delayed computed tomography (CT) showed diffuse to patchy contrast enhancement. The details are given in Chap. 2, Sect. 2. 

On June 6, this patient developed severe loin pain after he participated in two 150-m sprints at a town athletics meeting. After 5 days, he was referred to the outpatient clinic of our department. His serum creatinine and uric acid levels and FEUA, were 2.9mg/dl, 2.1 mg/dl, and 49.7%, respectively. His creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level was normal. When his serum creatinine level decreased to 1.58 mg/dl, a contrast medium was administered. A delayed computed tomography (CT) scan after 24 and 48 h confirmed patchy wedge-shaped contrast enhancement (Fig. 58). Under a diagnosis of ALPE, his body water balance (hydration) was controlled. In this patient, recovery was achieved 4 weeks after onset, and his serum creatinine and uric acid levels were then 1.0 mg/dl and 0.6 mg/dl, respectively. Furthermore, load tests with a uric acid reabsorption inhibitor (benzbromarone) and a uric acid excretion inhibitor (pyrazinamide) suggested presecretory reabsorption defect-related renal hypouricemia. A kidney biopsy 16 days after onset confirmed the recovery from acute tubular necrosis. 

ALPE frequently developed after anaerobic exercise, and caused severe loin pain, nausea/vomiting, and slight fever without dark urine. Furthermore, the serum myoglobin and CPK levels were normal or slightly increased, and delayed computed tomography (CT) showed wedge-shaped contrast enhancement. 

We are able to identify the presence of this disorder, and summarize the diagnosis and treatment because (a) we had personal contact with the patients, (b) we had previous knowledge of the hemodynamics of acute renal failure, (c) we had been carrying out animal experiments into glycerol-induced acute renal failure (myohemoglobin-uric acute renal failure) for many years, and (d) a new diagnostic procedure, a computed tomography (CT) scan, had been developed and could be employed. 

Sakemi T, Ikeda Y, Matsuo Y, Kudo S, Nishihara G, BabaN (1996) Renal wedge-shaped lesions on computed tomography and ultrasonography in two patients who developed acute renal failure with severe loin pain after exercise. Nephron 73 679-681... 

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